简单工厂、工厂方法和抽象工厂模式

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假想场景：hp和apple是全球知名的电脑生产厂家，他们各自的电脑操作系统分别是windows和macintosh，microsoft是软件行业的龙头。为了吸引更多客户购买电脑，hp和apple请ms为他们开发两款最常用的软件，办公软件和及时通讯工具。ms结了订单后，分别为hp和apple开发了office和msn。

上面的场景其实蕴含着我们常见的设计模式思维方式，code is cheap，代码来了。

一：简单工厂

using System; //ms的产品 public class Software { private string softwareName; public virtual string SoftwareName { get { return softwareName; } set { softwareName = value; } } public string GetSoftwareName() { return softwareName; } } //ms的产品：office public class Office:Software { public override string GetSoftwareName() { this.SoftwareName = "Office"; return “Office”; } } //ms的产品：msn public class Msn : Software { public override string GetSoftwareName() { this.SoftwareName = "Msn"; return “Msn”; } } /// <summary> /// 简单工厂 /// </summary> public class MsSoftwareFactory { public static Software CreateSoftware(string softwareName) { Software msSoftware = null; switch (softwareName) { default: break; case "office": msSoftware = new Office(); break; case "msn": msSoftware = new Msn(); break; } return msSoftware; } } /// <summary> /// 客户端调用 /// </summary> public class Client { static void Main(string[] args) { Software msSoftware = MsSoftwareFactory.CreateSoftware("office"); Console.WriteLine(msSoftware.GetSoftwareName()); } }

上面的简单工厂在一个方法体中有个switch...case，违背了“对扩展开放，对修改封闭”的原则，即“开放-封闭原则”。下面的工厂方法就克服了简单工厂的缺点，降低了客户端程序和产品对象的耦合。

二：工厂方法
定义一个用于创建对象的接口，让子类决定实例化哪一个类。工厂方法使一个类的实例化延迟到其子类。
using System; //ms的产品 public class Software { private string softwareName; public string SoftwareName { get { return softwareName; } set { softwareName = value; } } public virtual string GetSoftwareName() { return softwareName; } } //ms的产品：office public class Office:Software { public override string GetSoftwareName() { this.SoftwareName = "Office"; return "Office"; } } //ms的产品：msn public class Msn : Software { public override string GetSoftwareName() { this.SoftwareName = "Msn"; return "Msn"; } } interface ISoftwareFactory { Software CreateSoftware(); } /// <summary> /// office工厂 /// </summary> public class OfficeFactory:ISoftwareFactory { public Software CreateSoftware() { return new Office(); } } /// <summary> /// msn工厂 /// </summary> public class MsnFactory : ISoftwareFactory { public Software CreateSoftware() { return new Msn(); } } /// <summary> /// 客户端调用 /// </summary> public class Client { static void Main(string[] args) { ISoftwareFactory factory = new OfficeFactory(); Software msSoftware = factory.CreateSoftware(); Console.WriteLine(msSoftware.GetSoftwareName()); } }

工厂方法的缺点是每加一个产品，就要创建一个对应的产品工厂类，增加了额外的开发量。

三、抽象工厂

提供一个创建一系列相关或者相互依赖对象的接口，而无需指定它们具体的类。
抽象工厂最经典的应用莫过于数据库访问程序。网上有很多这方面的讨论。不多说了。这里我继续用开篇讲的场景来描述。
我们知道office和msn根据操作系统的不同可以分为windows版本的和mac版本的，也许还有linux，unix版本的，归根结底，这里的产品涉及到产品系列的问题，抽象工厂可以解决这个问题：
using System; //ms的产品：office public class Office { private string softwareName; public string SoftwareName { get { return softwareName; } set { softwareName = value; } } } public interface IOffice { Office GetOffice(); } //ms的windows版本Office public class WinOffice : IOffice { public Office GetOffice() { return new Office(); } } //ms的macintosh版本Office public class MacOffice : IOffice { public Office GetOffice() { return new Office(); } } //ms的产品：msn public class Msn { private string softwareName; public string SoftwareName { get { return softwareName; } set { softwareName = value; } } } public interface IMsn { Msn GetMsn(); } //ms的windows版本msn public class WinMsn:IMsn { public Msn GetMsn() { return new Msn(); } } //ms的macintosh版本msn public class MacMsn : IMsn { public Msn GetMsn() { return new Msn(); } } interface ISoftwareFactory { IOffice CreateOffice(); IMsn CreateMsn(); } /// <summary> /// windows版本的工厂 /// </summary> public class WindowsFactory:ISoftwareFactory { public IOffice CreateOffice() { return new WinOffice(); } public IMsn CreateMsn() { return new WinMsn(); } } /// <summary> /// macintosh版本的工厂 /// </summary> public class MacFactory : ISoftwareFactory { public IOffice CreateOffice() { return new MacOffice(); } public IMsn CreateMsn() { return new MacMsn(); } } /// <summary> /// 客户端调用 /// </summary> public class Client { static void Main(string[] args) { ISoftwareFactory factory = new WindowsFactory(); IOffice office = factory.CreateOffice(); IMsn msn = factory.CreateMsn(); } }

转自：http://www.cnblogs.com/wjfluisfigo/archive/2009/03/15/1411621.html <script type="text/JavaScript"> </script> <script src="http://a.alimama.cn/inf.js" type="text/javascript"></script>