以下是一个用GUI将上述三个不同形状孔的菲涅尔衍射整合在一起的示例代码，供参考：
```matlab
function varargout = diffraction_gui(varargin)
% DIFFRACTION_GUI MATLAB code for diffraction_gui.fig
% DIFFRACTION_GUI, by itself, creates a new DIFFRACTION_GUI or raises the existing
% singleton*.
%
% H = DIFFRACTION_GUI returns the handle to a new DIFFRACTION_GUI or the handle to
% the existing singleton*.
%
% DIFFRACTION_GUI('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local
% function named CALLBACK in DIFFRACTION_GUI.M with the given input arguments.
%
% DIFFRACTION_GUI('Property','Value',...) creates a new DIFFRACTION_GUI or raises the
% existing singleton*. Starting from the left, property value pairs are
% applied to the GUI before diffraction_gui_OpeningFcn gets called. An
% unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
% stop. All inputs are passed to diffraction_gui_OpeningFcn via varargin.
%
% *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu. Choose "GUI allows only one
% instance to run (singleton)".
%
% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES
% Edit the above text to modify the response to help diffraction_gui
% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 15-Aug-2021 21:28:07
% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name', mfilename, ...
'gui_Singleton', gui_Singleton, ...
'gui_OpeningFcn', @diffraction_gui_OpeningFcn, ...
'gui_OutputFcn', @diffraction_gui_OutputFcn, ...
'gui_LayoutFcn', [] , ...
'gui_Callback', []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end
if nargout
[varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
% --- Executes just before diffraction_gui is made visible.
function diffraction_gui_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin command line arguments to diffraction_gui (see VARARGIN)
% Choose default command line output for diffraction_gui
handles.output = hObject;
% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);
% UIWAIT makes diffraction_gui wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);
% 设置菲涅尔衍射的默认参数
set(handles.wavelength_edit, 'String', '0.5e-6');
set(handles.distance_edit, 'String', '1');
set(handles.resolution_edit, 'String', '1000');
set(handles.aperture_popup, 'Value', 1);
% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = diffraction_gui_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;
% --- Executes on button press in calculate_button.
function calculate_button_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to calculate_button (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% 获取用户输入参数
wavelength = str2double(get(handles.wavelength_edit, 'String'));
distance = str2double(get(handles.distance_edit, 'String'));
resolution = str2double(get(handles.resolution_edit, 'String'));
aperture = get(handles.aperture_popup, 'Value');
% 根据用户选择的孔形状计算透过函数
switch aperture
case 1 % 圆形孔
a = 1e-3; % 孔半径
x = linspace(-a, a, resolution);
y = linspace(-a, a, resolution);
[X, Y] = meshgrid(x, y);
r = sqrt(X.^2 + Y.^2);
transmission = zeros(size(r));
transmission(r <= a) = 1;
case 2 % 矩形孔
a = 1e-3; % 孔半径
x = linspace(-a, a, resolution);
y = linspace(-a, a, resolution);
[X, Y] = meshgrid(x, y);
transmission = zeros(size(X));
transmission(abs(X) <= a & abs(Y) <= a) = 1;
case 3 % 三角形孔
a = 1e-3; % 孔半径
x = linspace(-a, a, resolution);
y = linspace(-a, a, resolution);
[X, Y] = meshgrid(x, y);
transmission = zeros(size(X));
transmission(Y <= -0.5*a*X & Y <= 0.5*a*X & Y >= -a*sqrt(3)/2) = 1;
end
% 计算衍射场
k = 2*pi/wavelength; % 波数
U = (1/(1i*wavelength*distance))*exp(1i*k*distance)*exp(1i*k*(X.^2 + Y.^2)/(2*distance)).*transmission;
I = abs(U).^2;
% 绘制图像
axes(handles.axes1);
imagesc(x, y, I);
axis equal tight;
colormap('gray');
switch aperture
case 1
title('Circular Aperture Fraunhofer Diffraction Pattern');
case 2
title('Square Aperture Fraunhofer Diffraction Pattern');
case 3
title('Triangle Aperture Fraunhofer Diffraction Pattern');
end
xlabel('x');
ylabel('y');
% --- Executes on selection change in aperture_popup.
function aperture_popup_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to aperture_popup (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function aperture_popup_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to aperture_popup (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% 显示孔形状的选项
set(hObject, 'String', {'Circular Aperture', 'Square Aperture', 'Triangle Aperture'});
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function axes1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to axes1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% 设置绘图区域的默认背景颜色
set(hObject, 'Color', [0.95, 0.95, 0.95]);
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function wavelength_edit_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to wavelength_edit (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% 设置波长输入框的默认值
set(hObject, 'String', '0.5e-6');
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function distance_edit_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to distance_edit (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% 设置距离输入框的默认值
set(hObject, 'String', '1');
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function resolution_edit_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to resolution_edit (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% 设置分辨率输入框的默认值
set(hObject, 'String', '1000');
```
注意：以上代码只是一个示例，可能需要根据实际需求进行修改和优化。在使用GUI时，还需要创建对应的.fig文件来定义GUI的布局和界面元素。
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