DjangoChannelsGraphqlWs 项目常见问题解决方案

DjangoChannelsGraphqlWs 项目常见问题解决方案

DjangoChannelsGraphqlWs Django Channels based WebSocket GraphQL server with Graphene-like subscriptions 项目地址: https://gitcode.com/gh_mirrors/dj/DjangoChannelsGraphqlWs

一、项目基础介绍

DjangoChannelsGraphqlWs 是一个基于 Django Channels 的 WebSocket GraphQL 服务器，实现了类似于 Graphene 的订阅功能。该项目允许开发者通过 WebSocket 协议与 Apollo GraphQL 客户端进行交互。主要编程语言为 Python。

二、新手常见问题及解决方案

问题一：如何安装 DjangoChannelsGraphqlWs？

解决步骤：

1. 确保已安装 Django 和 Channels。
2. 使用 pip 安装 DjangoChannelsGraphqlWs：

   pip install django-channels-graphql-ws
   

问题二：如何在 Django 项目中集成 DjangoChannelsGraphqlWs？

解决步骤：

1. 在 Django 项目的 settings.py 文件中，添加以下配置：

   INSTALLED_APPS = [
       ...
       'channels',
       'graphene',
       'django_channels_graphql_ws',
   ]
   
   ASGI_APPLICATION = 'your_project.routing.application'
   CHANNEL_LAYERS = {
       'default': {
           'BACKEND': 'channels_redis.core.RedisChannelLayer',
           'CONFIG': {
               "hosts": [('127.0.0.1', 6379)],
           },
       },
   }
   

2. 创建一个 routing.py 文件，用于定义 WebSocket 路由：

   from django_channels_graphql_ws import GraphqlWsConsumer
   
   websocket_routers = [
       (r'^ws/graphql/', GraphqlWsConsumer.as_asgi()),
   ]
   

3. 在 Django 项目的 urls.py 文件中，添加以下代码：

   from django.urls import re_path
   from .routing import websocket_routers
   
   urlpatterns = [
       ...
   ]
   
   websocket_urlpatterns = [
       re_path(r'', include(websocket_routers))
   ]
   

问题三：如何创建和使用 GraphQL 订阅？

解决步骤：

1. 定义 GraphQL 类型和订阅：

   import graphene
   from django_channels_graphql_ws import Subscription
   
   class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
       hello = graphene.String(name=graphene.String(default_value='stranger'))
   
       def resolve_hello(self, info, name):
           return 'Hello ' + name
   
   class MySubscription(Subscription):
       new_message = graphene.Field(graphene.String)
   
       class Arguments:
           room_id = graphene.Int()
   
       def subscribe(self, info, room_id):
           return info.context['room_id'] == room_id
   
       def publish(self, info, new_message):
           return new_message
   

2. 在 Django 项目的 views.py 或类似文件中，创建一个订阅处理器：

   from django_channels_graphql_ws import GraphqlWsConsumer
   
   class MyGraphqlWsConsumer(GraphqlWsConsumer):
       def on_connect(self, payload):
           self.join_room('room_1')
   
       def on_disconnect(self, close_code):
           pass
   
       async def on_receive(self, text_data=None, **kwargs):
           action = json.loads(text_data)['action']
           if action == 'send_message':
               message = json.loads(text_data)['message']
               await self.send(text_data=json.dumps({
                   'data': {
                       'new_message': message
                   }
               }))
   

3. 在 routing.py 文件中，添加订阅处理器的路由：

   from .consumers import MyGraphqlWsConsumer
   
   websocket_routers = [
       (r'^ws/graphql/', MyGraphqlWsConsumer.as_asgi()),
   ]
   

DjangoChannelsGraphqlWs Django Channels based WebSocket GraphQL server with Graphene-like subscriptions 项目地址: https://gitcode.com/gh_mirrors/dj/DjangoChannelsGraphqlWs