Activity和fragment之间传递数据(二)

为什么要用Fragment？使用Fragment可以在一个Activity中实现不同的界面。Fragment与Fragment之间的动画切换，远比Activity与Activity之间的动画切换变化方式多。很多时候，我们通过使用一个Activity，切换多个Fragment。本次博客，主要列举一下Fragment与它的Activity之间进行数据交换的方式。

1.Fragment中通过getActivity()然后进行强制转化，调用Activity中的公有方法

((XXXXActivity)getActivity()).fun();

2.Activity在切换Fragment的时候，通过setArguments向Fragment传递参数，Fragment通过getArguments();获得从activity中传递过来的值

3.Activity实现一个接口，Fragment在onAttach方法中，将该Activity转化为该接口，在需要调用的时候回调。

注意：本Demo是通过FragmentManager来管理Fragment的，通过FragmentManager管理，我们创建Fragment和销毁Fragment的时候，可以通过栈的方式：

a.FragmentTransaction的add方法，添加一个Fragment

b.FragmentTransaction的popBackStack()弹出该Fragment

演示实例：

fragment1.xml

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<relativelayout xmlns:android= "https://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools= "https://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width= "match_parent" android:layout_height= "match_parent" android:background= "#FFFFFFFF" android:paddingbottom= "@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" android:paddingleft= "@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingright= "@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingtop= "@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" tools:context= "com.example.testfragment.MainActivity$PlaceholderFragment" >      <textview android:id= "@+id/tv" android:layout_width= "wrap_content" android:layout_height= "wrap_content" android:layout_alignparenttop= "true" android:text= "fragment1" >      <button android:id= "@+id/btn" android:layout_width= "wrap_content" android:layout_height= "wrap_content" android:layout_below= "@id/tv" android:text= "跳转到Fragment2" > </button></textview></relativelayout>

MyFragment1.java

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/*   * $filename: MyFragment.java,v $   * $Date: 2014-5-16  $   * Copyright (C) ZhengHaibo, Inc. All rights reserved.   * This software is Made by Zhenghaibo.   */ package com.example.testfragment;   import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.support.v4.app.Fragment; import android.view.LayoutInflater; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.view.ViewGroup; import android.widget.Button;   /*   *@author: ZhengHaibo    *web:    https://blog.csdn.net/nuptboyzhb   *mail:    zhb931706659@126.com   *2014-5-16  Nanjing,njupt,China   */ public class MyFragment1 extends Fragment {            FragmentCallBack fragmentCallBack = null ;      Button btn;      @Override      public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,              Bundle savedInstanceState) {          View rootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment1, container,                  false );          btn = (Button)rootView.findViewById(R.id.btn);          btn.setOnClickListener( new OnClickListener() {                            @Override              public void onClick(View v) {                  // TODO Auto-generated method stub                  fragmentCallBack.callbackFun1( null );              }          });          return rootView;      }            @Override      public void onAttach(Activity activity) {          // TODO Auto-generated method stub          super .onAttach(activity);          fragmentCallBack = (MainActivity)activity;      } }

fragment2.xml

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<relativelayout xmlns:android= "https://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools= "https://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width= "match_parent" android:layout_height= "match_parent" android:background= "#FFFFFFFF" android:paddingbottom= "@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" android:paddingleft= "@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingright= "@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingtop= "@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" tools:context= "com.example.testfragment.MainActivity$PlaceholderFragment" >      <textview android:id= "@+id/tv" android:layout_width= "wrap_content" android:layout_height= "wrap_content" android:layout_alignparenttop= "true" android:text= "fragment2" >      <button android:id= "@+id/btn1" android:layout_width= "wrap_content" android:layout_height= "wrap_content" android:layout_below= "@id/tv" android:text= "直接调用Activity" >      </button><button android:id= "@+id/btn2" android:layout_width= "wrap_content" android:layout_height= "wrap_content" android:layout_below= "@id/btn1" android:text= "回调Activity" >   </button></textview></relativelayout>

MyFragment2.java

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/*   * $filename: MyFragment.java,v $   * $Date: 2014-5-16  $   * Copyright (C) ZhengHaibo, Inc. All rights reserved.   * This software is Made by Zhenghaibo.   */ package com.example.testfragment;   import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.support.v4.app.Fragment; import android.view.LayoutInflater; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.view.ViewGroup; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.Toast;   /*   *@author: ZhengHaibo    *web:    https://blog.csdn.net/nuptboyzhb   *mail:    zhb931706659@126.com   *2014-5-16  Nanjing,njupt,China   */ public class MyFragment2 extends Fragment {            FragmentCallBack fragmentCallBack = null ;      Button btn1;      Button btn2;      @Override      public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,              Bundle savedInstanceState) {          View rootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment2, container,                  false );          Bundle data = getArguments(); //获得从activity中传递过来的值          Toast.makeText(getActivity(), data.getString( "TEXT" ), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();          btn1 = (Button)rootView.findViewById(R.id.btn1);          btn1.setOnClickListener( new OnClickListener() {                            @Override              public void onClick(View v) {                  // 直接调用Activity中的方法                  ((MainActivity)getActivity()).changeButtonColor();              }          });          btn2 = (Button)rootView.findViewById(R.id.btn2);          btn2.setOnClickListener( new OnClickListener() {                            @Override              public void onClick(View v) {                  // 回调的方式                  fragmentCallBack.callbackFun2( null );              }          });          return rootView;      }            @Override      public void onAttach(Activity activity) {          // TODO Auto-generated method stub          super .onAttach(activity);          fragmentCallBack = (MainActivity)activity;      } }

回调接口：

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/*   * $filename: FragmentCallBack.java,v $   * $Date: 2014-5-16  $   * Copyright (C) ZhengHaibo, Inc. All rights reserved.   * This software is Made by Zhenghaibo.   */ package com.example.testfragment;   import android.os.Bundle;   /*   *@author: ZhengHaibo    *web:    https://blog.csdn.net/nuptboyzhb   *mail:    zhb931706659@126.com   *2014-5-16  Nanjing,njupt,China   */ public interface FragmentCallBack {      public void callbackFun1(Bundle arg);        public void callbackFun2(Bundle arg); }

main.xml

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<relativelayout xmlns:android= "https://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools= "https://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width= "match_parent" android:layout_height= "match_parent" android:paddingbottom= "@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" android:paddingleft= "@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingright= "@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingtop= "@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" >      <button android:id= "@+id/btn" android:layout_width= "match_parent" android:layout_height= "wrap_content" android:layout_alignparentbottom= "true" android:text= "切换" >      <relativelayout android:id= "@+id/rl_container" android:layout_width= "match_parent" android:layout_height= "wrap_content" android:layout_above= "@id/btn" > </relativelayout></button></relativelayout>

MainActivity.java

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package com.example.testfragment;   import android.graphics.Color; import android.os.Bundle; import android.support.v4.app.Fragment; import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager; import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction; import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button;   public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity implements FragmentCallBack{            private Button btn;            private MyFragment1 fragment1;      private MyFragment2 fragment2;      private FragmentManager fragmentManager;      private Fragment currentFragment;      @Override      protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {          super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);          setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);          fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();                    FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();          fragmentTransaction.setCustomAnimations(android.R.anim.fade_in, android.R.anim.fade_out);          fragment1 = new MyFragment1();          Bundle data = new Bundle();          data.putString( "TEXT" , "这是Activiy通过Bundle传递过来的值" );          fragment1.setArguments(data); //通过Bundle向Activity中传递值          fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.rl_container,fragment1); //将fragment1设置到布局上          fragmentTransaction.addToBackStack( null );          fragmentTransaction.commitAllowingStateLoss();          currentFragment = fragment1;          //初始化button控件          btn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn);          btn.setOnClickListener( new OnClickListener() {              @Override              public void onClick(View v) {                  if (currentFragment instanceof MyFragment1){                      switchFragment();                  } else { //当前是fragment2，因此，只需要将fragment2出栈即可变成fragment1                      fragmentManager.popBackStack();                      currentFragment = fragment1;                  }              }          });      }      /**       * 切换Fragment       */      private void switchFragment(){          if ( null == fragment2){ //可以避免切换的时候重复创建              fragment2 = new MyFragment2();          }          Bundle data = new Bundle();          data.putString( "TEXT" , "传递给fragment2" );          fragment2.setArguments(data);          FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();          fragmentTransaction.setCustomAnimations(android.R.anim.fade_in, android.R.anim.fade_out);          fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.rl_container,fragment2);          fragmentTransaction.addToBackStack( null );          fragmentTransaction.commitAllowingStateLoss();          currentFragment = fragment2;      }            public void changeButtonColor(){          btn.setBackgroundColor(Color.RED);      }        @Override      public void callbackFun1(Bundle arg) {          // TODO Auto-generated method stub          switchFragment(); //通过回调方式切换      }        @Override      public void callbackFun2(Bundle arg) {          // TODO Auto-generated method stub          changeButtonColor(); //通过回调方式调用Activity中的方法      }   } 切换到第二个Fragment之后，通过Fragment2回调，改变按钮背景后的截图。 注意： 1.直接在Fragment中通过getActivity然后强转Activity的方式调用Activity的方法，这个方式不推荐！因为这会使Fragment的适配性变差。 解决方法：在使用之前，使用instanceof 判断一下Activity的类型 2.FragmentTransaction通过使用setCustomAnimations方法，可以为Fragment的切换增添各种不同的动画。变化方式远比Activity与Activity之间的切换动画要多。 3.多个Fragment之间，可以通过Activity复用很多代码，提高效率。 4.我们还可以通过ViewPager来管理Fragment，通过Adapter添加多个Fragment，然后通过setcurrentitem进行切换。我们同样可以通过setArguments向Fragment传递数据。

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