ruby的输入
print "How old are you? "
age = gets.chomp()
print "How tall are you? "
height = gets.chomp()
print "How much do you weigh? "
weight = gets.chomp()
puts "So, you're #{age} old, #{height} tall and #{weight} heavy."
为什么使用的的
puts
?puts
会产生新行
str.chomp(separator=$/) → new_str
Returns a new String with the given record separator removed from the end of str (if present). If $/ has not been changed from the default Ruby record separator, then chomp also removes carriage return characters (that is it will remove \n, \r, and \r\n). If $/ is an empty string, it will remove all trailing newlines from the string.
Module
require 'open-uri'
open("http://www.ruby-lang.org/en") do |f|
f.each_line {|line| p line}
puts f.base_uri # <URI::HTTP:0x40e6ef2 URL:http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/>
puts f.content_type # "text/html"
puts f.charset # "iso-8859-1"
puts f.content_encoding # []
puts f.last_modified # Thu Dec 05 02:45:02 UTC 2002
end
require 与 include
require:类似于 C 和 C++ 中的 include 语句以及 Java 中的 import 语句。如果一个第三方的程序想要使用任何已定义的模块,则可以简单地使用 Ruby require 语句来加载模块文件:
require filename
include : 可以在类中嵌入模块。如果是模块是单独定义在一个单独的文件中,那么在嵌入模块之前就需要使用require语句引用该文件
class Decade
include Week
no_of_yrs=10
def no_of_months
puts Week::FIRST_DAY
number=10*12
puts number
end
end
d1=Decade.new
puts Week::FIRST_DAY
Week.weeks_in_month
Week.weeks_in_year
d1.no_of_months
module Week
FIRST_DAY = "Sunday"
def Week.weeks_in_month
puts "You have four weeks in a month"
end
def Week.weeks_in_year
puts "You have 52 weeks in a year"
end
end
Ruby中的Mixins
Ruby 不直接支持多重继承,但是 Ruby 的模块(Module)有另一个神奇的功能。它几乎消除了多重继承的需要,提供了一种名为 mixin 的装置。
Ruby 没有真正实现多重继承机制,而是采用成为mixin技术作为替代品。将模块include到类定义中,模块中的方法就mix进了类中。
module A
def a1
end
def a2
end
end
module B
def b1
end
def b2
end
end
class Sample
include A
include B
def s1
end
end
samp=Sample.new
samp.a1
samp.a2
samp.b1
samp.b2
samp.s1