Java 日看一类（29）之IO包中的InputStreamReader类

该类继承自Reader类

引入了如下包：

import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.charset.CharsetDecoder;
import sun.nio.cs.StreamDecoder;

类头注释如下

/**
 * An InputStreamReader is a bridge from byte streams to character streams: It
 * reads bytes and decodes them into characters using a specified {@link
 * java.nio.charset.Charset charset}.  The charset that it uses
 * may be specified by name or may be given explicitly, or the platform's
 * default charset may be accepted.
 *
 * <p> Each invocation of one of an InputStreamReader's read() methods may
 * cause one or more bytes to be read from the underlying byte-input stream.
 * To enable the efficient conversion of bytes to characters, more bytes may
 * be read ahead from the underlying stream than are necessary to satisfy the
 * current read operation.
 *
 * <p> For top efficiency, consider wrapping an InputStreamReader within a
 * BufferedReader.  For example:
 *
 * <pre>
 * BufferedReader in
 *   = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
 * </pre>
 *
 * @see BufferedReader
 * @see InputStream
 * @see java.nio.charset.Charset
 *
 * @author      Mark Reinhold
 * @since       JDK1.1
 */

大意如下：

该类是从byte流转换到字符流的桥梁

该类读取byte并编码为指定类型（Charset声明）的字符

使用字符集可由名称指定或者显式指定，或者使用平台默认字符集

每一次对该类read方法调用的时候都会从底层流读入一个或多个字节

要有效的将字节转化为字符格式，可能需要提前读入更多的字节来满足最低转化要求

为了达到最高效率，可以用BufferedReader来包装InputStreamReader

该类含有如下的成员变量：

流字节解码工具同时也是底层流

private final StreamDecoder sd;

该类含有如下成员方法：

构造函数（使用默认字符集

public InputStreamReader(InputStream in) {
    super(in);//调用上层构造方法
    try {
        sd = StreamDecoder.forInputStreamReader(in, this, (String)null); // ## check lock object//调用为该类专门构造的读入操作，使用默认的字符集
    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {//抛出不支持编码异常
        // The default encoding should always be available
        throw new Error(e);
    }
}

构造函数（使用指定字符集

public InputStreamReader(InputStream in, String charsetName)
    throws UnsupportedEncodingException
{
    super(in);
    if (charsetName == null)
        throw new NullPointerException("charsetName");
    sd = StreamDecoder.forInputStreamReader(in, this, charsetName);//调用该类专用方法，使用指定字符集名称
}

构造函数（使用指定字符集

public InputStreamReader(InputStream in, Charset cs) {
    super(in);
    if (cs == null)
        throw new NullPointerException("charset");
    sd = StreamDecoder.forInputStreamReader(in, this, cs);//使用指定字符集对象
}

构造函数（使用指定字符解码器进行构造（实质还是指定字符集

public InputStreamReader(InputStream in, CharsetDecoder dec) {
    super(in);
    if (dec == null)
        throw new NullPointerException("charset decoder");
    sd = StreamDecoder.forInputStreamReader(in, this, dec);
}

获得编码字符集名

public String getEncoding() {
    return sd.getEncoding();
}

读入一个字符

public int read() throws IOException {
    return sd.read();
}

读入到数组，特定位置和长度

public int read(char cbuf[], int offset, int length) throws IOException {
    return sd.read(cbuf, offset, length);
}

判定当前流是否可以读取数据（缓冲不为空

public boolean ready() throws IOException {
    return sd.ready();
}

关闭当前流

public void close() throws IOException {
    sd.close();
}

该类实质是一个对StreamDecoder的包装组合。该类基本所有功能都通过调用其底层流完成，本身代码没有什么有效信息，对该类的学习还是需要对StreamDecoder进行学习作为铺垫（也需要Reader类的学习