python学习笔记3---变量与运算符

什么是变量

假设两个list做数学运算

>>> [1,2,3,4,5,6] [1,2,3]
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#0>", line 1, in <module>
    [1,2,3,4,5,6] [1,2,3]
TypeError: list indices must be integers or slices, not tuple

//A B,先把A乘以3，然后加上B，最后再加上列表A
>>> [1,2,3,4,5,6]*3+[1,2,3]+[1,2,3,4,5,6]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

>>> A = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
>>> print(A)
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
>>> B = [1,2,3]
>>> A*3 + B + A
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

变量名的命名规则

变量名命名只能使用字母、数字、下划线

>>> 1a = 2   //变量名的首字母不能是数字
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> A2 = '1'
>>> _2 = '1'
>>> A*B='1'
SyntaxError: can't assign to operator  

系统关键字，不能用在变量名中 保留关键字

>>> and = 1
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> if = 2
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> import = 3
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> type = 3   //type不是系统保留关键字，但是不建议作为变量名，否则极易出错
>>> print(type)
3
>>> type = 1
>>> type(1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#1>", line 1, in <module>
    type(1)
TypeError: 'int' object is not callable
>>> 1(1)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#2>", line 1, in <module>
    1(1)
TypeError: 'int' object is not callable

python动态语言的特性，声明时不需要指明变量类型

>>> a = '1'
>>> a = 1
>>> a = (1,2,3)
>>> a = {1,2,3}

值类型与引用类型

int、str、tuple是值类型（不可变），list、set、dict是引用类型（可变）

1.int

>>> a = 1
>>> b = a
>>> a = 3
>>> print(b)
1

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