samba服务器的配置和使用

samba服务器的配置和使用

samba服务是做什么的？

• 很多程序猿同学都会遇到自己代码已经放到linux系统上了，但发现要做一些修改，在本地编辑后再同步到linux服务器上很麻烦，直接用vim对于菜鸟程序猿来说要求简直不要太高。。。那能不能像修改PC端的代码一样修改linux上的代码呢？samba告诉你，可以的!
• 那接下来，小编就带大家一点点学习怎么安装、配置samba服务以及怎么在windows上映射磁盘

samba服务安装(以CentOS 7.2系统为例)

• 首先声明，我的linux主机是阿里云ECS的免费试用主机(穷，你懂得-,-)，系统呢，CentOS7.2，1核1G1M的配置，足够了！
• 安装samba服务器软件：yum install samba samba-client samba-common，懒人可以加上-y参数
• 输入systemctl status smb.service，不报错就说明安装成功了

samba服务配置

• 进入samba配置目录：cd /etc/samba/，
• 修改samba服务配置文件smb.conf：vi smb.conf，文末贴我自己的配置文件，可参考配置(修改前最好备份一下源文件，以免造成不必要的麻烦)
• 我这里用创建的tom用户操作samba服务，用户目录 /home/tom，在smb.conf中加入以下配置，为tom用户的用户目录创建映射

[tom]
    comment = Shared Folder require passeword
    path = /home/tom
    valid users = tom
    force user = tom
    force group = tom
    create mask = 0755
    directory mask = 0755
    available = yes
    browseable = yes
    public = yes
    writable = yes

• 修改完成后保存退出，重启samba服务：systemctl restart smb.service，没有错误提示 => 配置完成！

配置防火墙（云服务器的话，配置安全组会更方便）

Samba服务所使用的端口和协议：
1. Port 137 (UDP) - NetBIOS 名字服务 ； nmbd
2. Port 138 (UDP) - NetBIOS 数据报服务
3. Port 139 (TCP) - 文件和打印共享 ； smbd （基于SMB(Server Message Block)协议，主要在局域网中使用，文件共享协议）
4. Port 389 (TCP) - 用于 LDAP (Active Directory Mode)
5. Port 445 (TCP) - NetBIOS服务在windos 2000及以后版本使用此端口, (Common Internet File System，CIFS，它是SMB协议扩展到Internet后，实现Internet文件共享)
6. Port 901 (TCP) - 用于 SWAT，用于网页管理Samba
这些我们都不需要多关注，只需要打开UDP的防火墙端口137/138，TCP的防火墙端口139/389/445即可，具体防火墙配置这里就不多说了，度娘大把的教程
最重要的 – 验证防火墙配置是否成功：在有网络或与linux服务器同局域网的windows系统下windows+R键打开”运行“窗口，输入linux系统的IP地址，回车，能进入/home文件夹说明防火墙配置成功，点开我们配置的用户目录，输入samba服务用户密码能进入说明用户配置成功

本地磁盘映射(window7旗舰版系统为例)

• 打开“计算机”，右键单击左侧tabs菜单的“网络”，选择“映射网络驱动器”，输入”\\IP\samba用户名”，输入密码保存，即可映射成功
• 验证是否成功：从我的电脑进入映射的磁盘，可以顺利进去，并且可以试用本地编辑器修改该磁盘上的代码，在linux终端上查看，可以实时更新到linxu上 => 大功告成！！！
• 温馨提示：不要频繁的打开和关闭映射的磁盘文件夹，每次打开是都要建立samba服务连接，占用网路资源有一小丢丢高。高配+高速网络请无视-,-!

希望我的笔记对你有帮助，在此奉上我的samba配置文件:smb.conf(注释：这种配置文件中的 # 和 ；都代表的是单行注释)

# This is the main Samba configuration file. You should read the
# smb.conf(5) manual page in order to understand the options listed
# here. Samba has a huge number of configurable options (perhaps too
# many!) most of which are not shown in this example

# For a step to step guide on installing, configuring and using samba,
# read the Samba-HOWTO-Collection. This may be obtained from:
#  http://www.samba.org/samba/docs/Samba-HOWTO-Collection.pdf

# Many working examples of smb.conf files can be found in the
# Samba-Guide which is generated daily and can be downloaded from:
#  http://www.samba.org/samba/docs/Samba-Guide.pdf

# Any line which starts with a ; (semi-colon) or a # (hash)
# is a comment and is ignored. In this example we will use a #
# for commentry and a ; for parts of the config file that you
# may wish to enable

# NOTE: Whenever you modify this file you should run the command "testparm"
# to check that you have not made any basic syntactic errors.

#---------------
# SELINUX NOTES:
#
# If you want to use the useradd/groupadd family of binaries please run:
# setsebool -P samba_domain_controller on
#
# If you want to share home directories via samba please run:
# setsebool -P samba_enable_home_dirs on
#
# If you create a new directory you want to share you should mark it as
# "samba-share_t" so that selinux will let you write into it.
# Make sure not to do that on system directories as they may already have
# been marked with othe SELinux labels.
#
# Use ls -ldZ /path to see which context a directory has
#
# Set labels only on directories you created!
# To set a label use the following: chcon -t samba_share_t /path
#
# If you need to share a system created directory you can use one of the
# following (read-only/read-write):
# setsebool -P samba_export_all_ro on
# or
# setsebool -P samba_export_all_rw on
#
# If you want to run scripts (preexec/root prexec/print command/...) please
# put them into the /var/lib/samba/scripts directory so that smbd will be
# allowed to run them.
# Make sure you COPY them and not MOVE them so that the right SELinux context
# is applied, to check all is ok use restorecon -R -v /var/lib/samba/scripts
#
#--------------

#======================= Global Settings =====================================

[global]
        server string = File Server
        create mode = 0644
        force create mode = 0644
        directory mode = 0755
        force directory mode = 0755 

# ----------------------- Network Related Options -------------------------
#
# workgroup = NT-Domain-Name or Workgroup-Name, eg: MIDEARTH
#
# server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field
#
# netbios name can be used to specify a server name not tied to the hostname
#
# Interfaces lets you configure Samba to use multiple interfaces
# If you have multiple network interfaces then you can list the ones
# you want to listen on (never omit localhost)
#
# Hosts Allow/Hosts Deny lets you restrict who can connect, and you can
# specifiy it as a per share option as well
#

;   workgroup = workgroup
;   netbios name = MYSERVER
;   interfaces = lo eth0 192.168.12.2/24 192.168.13.2/24
;   hosts allow = 127. 192.168.12. 192.168.13.

# --------------------------- Logging Options -----------------------------
#
# Log File let you specify where to put logs and how to split them up.
#
# Max Log Size let you specify the max size log files should reach

# logs split per machine
;   log file = /var/log/samba/%m.log
# max 50KB per log file, then rotate
;   max log size = 50

# ----------------------- Standalone Server Options ------------------------
#
# Security can be set to user, share(deprecated) or server(deprecated)
#
# Backend to store user information in. New installations should
# use either tdbsam or ldapsam. smbpasswd is available for backwards
# compatibility. tdbsam requires no further configuration.

;   security = user
;   passdb backend = tdbsam
;   smb passwd file = /etc/samba/smbpasswd

# ----------------------- Domain Members Options ------------------------
#
# Security must be set to domain or ads
#
# Use the realm option only with security = ads
# Specifies the Active Directory realm the host is part of
#
# Backend to store user information in. New installations should
# use either tdbsam or ldapsam. smbpasswd is available for backwards
# compatibility. tdbsam requires no further configuration.
#
# Use password server option only with security = server or if you can't
# use the DNS to locate Domain Controllers
# The argument list may include:
#   password server = My_PDC_Name [My_BDC_Name] [My_Next_BDC_Name]
# or to auto-locate the domain controller/s
#   password server = *


;   security = domain
;   passdb backend = tdbsam
;   realm = MY_REALM
;   password server = <NT-Server-Name>

# ----------------------- Domain Controller Options ------------------------
#
# Security must be set to user for domain controllers
#
# Backend to store user information in. New installations should
# use either tdbsam or ldapsam. smbpasswd is available for backwards
# compatibility. tdbsam requires no further configuration.
#
# Domain Master specifies Samba to be the Domain Master Browser. This
# allows Samba to collate browse lists between subnets. Don't use this
# if you already have a Windows NT domain controller doing this job
#
# Domain Logons let Samba be a domain logon server for Windows workstations.
#
# Logon Scrpit let yuou specify a script to be run at login time on the client
# You need to provide it in a share called NETLOGON
#
# Logon Path let you specify where user profiles are stored (UNC path)
#
# Various scripts can be used on a domain controller or stand-alone
# machine to add or delete corresponding unix accounts
#
;   security = user
;   passdb backend = tdbsam

;   domain master = yes
;   domain logons = yes

# the login script name depends on the machine name
;   logon script = %m.bat
# the login script name depends on the unix user used
;   logon script = %u.bat
;   logon path = \\%L\Profiles\%u
# disables profiles support by specifing an empty path
;   logon path =

;   add user script = /usr/sbin/useradd "%u" -n -g users
;   add group script = /usr/sbin/groupadd "%g"
;   add machine script = /usr/sbin/useradd -n -c "Workstation (%u)" -M -d /nohome -s /bin/false "%u"
;   delete user script = /usr/sbin/userdel "%u"
;   delete user from group script = /usr/sbin/userdel "%u" "%g"
;   delete group script = /usr/sbin/groupdel "%g"


# ----------------------- Browser Control Options ----------------------------
#
# set local master to no if you don't want Samba to become a master
# browser on your network. Otherwise the normal election rules apply
#
# OS Level determines the precedence of this server in master browser
# elections. The default value should be reasonable
#
# Preferred Master causes Samba to force a local browser election on startup
# and gives it a slightly higher chance of winning the election
;   local master = no
;   os level = 33
;   preferred master = yes

#----------------------------- Name Resolution -------------------------------
# Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section:
# Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both
#
# - WINS Support: Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable it's WINS Server
#
# - WINS Server: Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client
#
# - WINS Proxy: Tells Samba to answer name resolution queries on
#   behalf of a non WINS capable client, for this to work there must be
#   at least one    WINS Server on the network. The default is NO.
#
# DNS Proxy - tells Samba whether or not to try to resolve NetBIOS names
# via DNS nslookups.

;   wins support = yes
;   wins server = w.x.y.z
;   wins proxy = yes

;   dns proxy = yes

# --------------------------- Printing Options -----------------------------
#
# Load Printers let you load automatically the list of printers rather
# than setting them up individually
#
# Cups Options let you pass the cups libs custom options, setting it to raw
# for example will let you use drivers on your Windows clients
#
# Printcap Name let you specify an alternative printcap file
#
# You can choose a non default printing system using the Printing option

;   load printers = yes
    cups options = raw
    username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
;   encrypt passwords = yes
;   guest ok = no
;   guest account = nobody

;   printcap name = /etc/printcap
#obtain list of printers automatically on SystemV
;   printcap name = lpstat
;   printing = cups

# --------------------------- Filesystem Options ---------------------------
#
# The following options can be uncommented if the filesystem supports
# Extended Attributes and they are enabled (usually by the mount option
# user_xattr). Thess options will let the admin store the DOS attributes
# in an EA and make samba not mess with the permission bits.
#
# Note: these options can also be set just per share, setting them in global
# makes them the default for all shares

;   map archive = no
;   map hidden = no
;   map read only = no
;   map system = no
;   store dos attributes = yes


#============================ Share Definitions ==============================

;       [homes]
;   comment = Home Directories
;   browseable = no
;   writeable = yes
;   valid users = %S
;   valid users = MYDOMAIN\%S

[printers]
    comment = All Printers
    path = /var/spool/samba
    browseable = no
;   guest ok = no
;   writeable = no
    printable = yes

# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons
;   [netlogon]
;   comment = Network Logon Service
;   path = /var/lib/samba/netlogon
;   guest ok = yes
;   writable = no
;   share modes = no


# Un-comment the following to provide a specific roving profile share
# the default is to use the user's home directory
;   [Profiles]
;   path = /var/lib/samba/profiles
;   browseable = no
;   guest ok = yes


# A publicly accessible directory, but read only, except for people in
# the "staff" group
[work]
    comment = work
    path = /home/work
    browseable = yes
    writeable = yes
        valid users = root


[tom]
    comment = Shared Folder require passeword
    path = /home/tom
    valid users = tom
    force user = tom
    force group = tom
    create mask = 0755
    directory mask = 0755
    available = yes
    browseable = yes
    public = yes
    writable = yes


[home]
    comment = root user work file
    path = /home
    valid users = root
    public = yes
    available = yes
    browseable = yes
    writable = yes