2018-06-07-django-08模型表关系

django模型

知识要点：表关系的实现

一对多表关系

在Mysql中一对多是通过外键实现的，在django模型中通过ForeignKeyfield类型实现。

一对一表关系

在Mysql中一对一是通过外键加唯一键实现的，在django模型中通过OneToOneField类型实现。

多对多表关系

在Mysql中多对多是通过中间表外键加联合唯一键实现的，在django模型中通过ManyToManyField类型实现。中间表模型会自动帮我们创建好。

例子：

#终于理解了，按照sql语句的思想去建表，来对应django的模型类映射
#django是按照sql建表的正向思路去建表,不是反向的去建模型类去映射
#也就是说按照逻辑关系去建表
#学院和学生(一对多)
#比如先建一张学院表
#再建一张学生表,那么我们在建学生表的时候考虑,
#学生属于哪个学院,这是添加department字段
#学生和学生信息(一对一)
#再比如现在建一张学生信息表
#那么一条记录对应的是哪个学生呢？
#此时，加上s_id字段，代表从学生表里面选，对应的学生id
#学生和课程(多对多)
#至于现在我们建一张课程表
#哪些学生选了哪些课程呢?
#注意是哪些对哪些,也就是多对多
#两张表已经无法满足,所以这里需要创建中间表,
#也就是关系表

class Department(models.Model):
    d_id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    d_name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    def __str__(self):
        return 'Department<d_id=%s,d_name=%s>'%(
            self.d_id,self.d_name
        )

class Student(models.Model):
    s_id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    s_name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    department = models.ForeignKey('Department')
    course = models.ManyToManyField('Course')
    def __str__(self):
        return 'Student<s_id=%s,s_name=%s>'%(
            self.s_id,self.s_name
        )


class Course(models.Model):
    c_id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    c_name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    def __str__(self):
        return 'Course<c_id=%s,c_name=%s>'%(
            self.c_id,self.c_name
        )

class Stu_detail(models.Model):
    s_id = models.OneToOneField('Student')
    age = models.IntegerField()
    gender = models.BooleanField(default=1)
    country = models.CharField(max_length=30,null=True)
    def __str__(self):
        return 'Stu_detail<s_id=%s,age=%s,gender=%s,country=%s>'%(
            self.s_id,self.age,self.gender,self.country
        )

#映射到mysql中后


#学院表

mysql> show  columns from `music_department`;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field  | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| d_id   | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| d_name | varchar(60) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#学生表		学院对学生	(一对多)
#department = models.ForeignKey('Department')
#映射到mysql中属性department，自动追加_id变成字段department_id

注意course = models.ManyToManyField('Course')
这个属性没有在mysql中映射字段

mysql> show  columns from `music_student`;
+---------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field         | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+---------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| s_id          | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| s_name        | varchar(60) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| department_id | int(11)     | NO   | MUL | NULL    |                |
+---------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#课程表

mysql> show  columns from `music_course`;
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field  | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| c_id   | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| c_name | varchar(30) | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#学生和详情	(一对一)
#s_id = models.OneToOneField('Student')
#映射到mysql自动给属性添加了s_id_id
mysql> show  columns from `music_stu_detail`;
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field   | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id      | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| age     | int(11)     | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| gender  | tinyint(1)  | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| city    | varchar(30) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| s_id_id | int(11)     | NO   | UNI | NULL    |                |
+---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#中间表	(多对多关系)自动生成
#course = models.ManyToManyField('Course')
#自动创建了中间表`music_student_course`

mysql> show  columns from `music_student_course`;
+------------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field      | Type    | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+------------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id         | int(11) | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| student_id | int(11) | NO   | MUL | NULL    |                |
| course_id  | int(11) | NO   | MUL | NULL    |                |
+------------+---------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

关系表中数据的操作

from .models import Department,Student,Course
def add_info(request):
    # d1 = Department(d_name='CC')
    # d1.save()
    # 一对多关系加内容
    # s1 = Student(s_name='xiaoming')
    # s1.department = d1
    # s1.save()
    # 多对多关系添加内容
    # c1 = Course(c_name='python')
    # s1 = Student.objects.first()
    # c1.save()
    # s1.course.add(c1)
    return HttpResponse('添加数据成功')
    
def search_info(request):
    rs = Student.objects.all()[0]
    # 一对多的查询
    print(rs.department)
    # 多对多的正向查询
    print(rs.course.all())
    cs = Course.objects.first()
    # 多对多反向查询
    print(cs.student_set.all())
    return HttpResponse('查询数据成功')