django rest framework系列01-django之cbv视图里使用类处理请求

django处理请求的两种方式

1、FBV（function base views） 就是在视图里使用函数处理请求。
    代码实例：

#view中这样写一个函数

from django.http import HttpResponse
  
def index(request):
     if request.method == 'GET':
            return HttpResponse('index')

url.py中这几引入views。指向index就可以了 

from API import views
urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('index/', views.index),
]

2、CBV（class base views） 就是在视图里使用类处理请求。

    代码实例

views.py代码

from django.views import View
class authView(View):
    
    def get(self,*args,**kwargs):
        
        return HttpResponse('CBV之get请求')

url.py中这几引入views。class-based view提供了一个as_view()静态方法（也就是类方法），调用这个方法，会创建一个类的实例，然后通过实例调用dispatch()方法，dispatch()方法会根据request的method的不同调用相应的方法来处理request（如get() , post()等）。

from API import views
urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('api/v1/auth/',views.authView.as_view()),
]

我们自定义的类继承自Django自身的View，其中有个as_view()方法，URL中直接调用这个方法: 

class View:
    """
    Intentionally simple parent class for all views. Only implements
    dispatch-by-method and simple sanity checking.
    """

    http_method_names = ['get', 'post', 'put', 'patch', 'delete', 'head', 'options', 'trace']

    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        """
        Constructor. Called in the URLconf; can contain helpful extra
        keyword arguments, and other things.
        """
        # Go through keyword arguments, and either save their values to our
        # instance, or raise an error.
        for key, value in kwargs.items():
            setattr(self, key, value)

    @classonlymethod
    def as_view(cls, **initkwargs):
        """Main entry point for a request-response process."""
        for key in initkwargs:
            if key in cls.http_method_names:
                raise TypeError(
                    'The method name %s is not accepted as a keyword argument '
                    'to %s().' % (key, cls.__name__)
                )
            if not hasattr(cls, key):
                raise TypeError("%s() received an invalid keyword %r. as_view "
                                "only accepts arguments that are already "
                                "attributes of the class." % (cls.__name__, key))

        def view(request, *args, **kwargs):
            #相当于AuthView().实例化当前类cls特殊方法
            self = cls(**initkwargs)
            self.setup(request, *args, **kwargs)
            if not hasattr(self, 'request'):
                raise AttributeError(
                    "%s instance has no 'request' attribute. Did you override "
                    "setup() and forget to call super()?" % cls.__name__
                )
            return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
        view.view_class = cls
        view.view_initkwargs = initkwargs

        # take name and docstring from class
        update_wrapper(view, cls, updated=())

        # and possible attributes set by decorators
        # like csrf_exempt from dispatch
        update_wrapper(view, cls.dispatch, assigned=())
        return view

 上面代码先不看具体执行了什么，可以看出最终return了一个view，而这个view是一个函数，return了一个self。dispatch。也就是说其实是执行了self.dispatch(request)

接着进入dispatch内部，代码如下：

    def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # Try to dispatch to the right method; if a method doesn't exist,
        # defer to the error handler. Also defer to the error handler if the
        # request method isn't on the approved list.
        if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:
            handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(), self.http_method_not_allowed)
        else:
            handler = self.http_method_not_allowed
        return handler(request, *args, **kwargs)

 

注意：getattr方法，平时不怎么用，这个方法是python内置的一个方法，其作用是 用于返回一个对象属性值。

 

测试：

class test():
    def a(self):
        return '我是A调用返回值'


    def b(self):
        return '我是B调用返回值'


textgetattr = getattr(test,'a')


print(textgetattr(test))

也就是自动调用指定参数类的内的函数返回‘我是A调用返回值’

总结：

   as_view()方法默认调dispatch方法，此方法内部，又根据method也就是请求类型的不同调用指定的视图类中的方法。