内核中__init 和module_init宏的作用。-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/gjioui123/article/details/129279220

__init

将函数链接的时候放入特点的section中。

include/init.h

#define __init       __section(.init.text) __cold __latent_entropy __noinitretpoline
#define __initdata   __section(.init.data)
#define __initconst   __section(.init.rodata)
#define __exitdata   __section(.exit.data)
#define __exit_call   __used __section(.exitcall.exit)

module_init宏

在写驱动模块的时候会提供自己的init和exit函数。最后将使用module_init宏，比如：

static int hello_init(void)
{
        int ret;
        printk("hello_init \n");
        dump_stack();

        devno = MKDEV(major,minor);
        ret = register_chrdev(major,"hello",&hello_ops);

        cls = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "myclass");
        if(IS_ERR(cls))
        {
                unregister_chrdev(major,"hello");
                return -EBUSY;
        }
        test_device = device_create(cls,NULL,devno,NULL,"hello");//mknod /dev/hello
        if(IS_ERR(test_device))
        {
                class_destroy(cls);
                unregister_chrdev(major,"hello");
                return -EBUSY;
        }
        return 0;
}
static void hello_exit(void)
{
        device_destroy(cls,devno);
        class_destroy(cls);
        unregister_chrdev(major,"hello");
        printk("hello_exit \n");
}
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
module_init(hello_init);
module_exit(hello_exit);

module_init的定义：

include/linux/module.h：

编写内核驱动模块需要include这个头文件。


///
#ifndef MODULE  ==================内核中==================
/**
 * module_init() - driver initialization entry point
 * @x: function to be run at kernel boot time or module insertion
 *
 * module_init() will either be called during do_initcalls() (if
 * builtin) or at module insertion time (if a module).  There can only
 * be one per module.
 */
#define module_init(x)	__initcall(x);

/**
 * module_exit() - driver exit entry point
 * @x: function to be run when driver is removed
 *
 * module_exit() will wrap the driver clean-up code
 * with cleanup_module() when used with rmmod when
 * the driver is a module.  If the driver is statically
 * compiled into the kernel, module_exit() has no effect.
 * There can only be one per module.
 */
#define module_exit(x)	__exitcall(x);

#else /* MODULE */  ========================模块中=======================

/*
 * In most cases loadable modules do not need custom
 * initcall levels. There are still some valid cases where
 * a driver may be needed early if built in, and does not
 * matter when built as a loadable module. Like bus
 * snooping debug drivers.
 */
#define early_initcall(fn)		module_init(fn)
#define core_initcall(fn)		module_init(fn)
#define core_initcall_sync(fn)		module_init(fn)
#define postcore_initcall(fn)		module_init(fn)
#define postcore_initcall_sync(fn)	module_init(fn)
#define arch_initcall(fn)		module_init(fn)
#define subsys_initcall(fn)		module_init(fn)
#define subsys_initcall_sync(fn)	module_init(fn)
#define fs_initcall(fn)			module_init(fn)
#define fs_initcall_sync(fn)		module_init(fn)
#define rootfs_initcall(fn)		module_init(fn)
#define device_initcall(fn)		module_init(fn)
#define device_initcall_sync(fn)	module_init(fn)
#define late_initcall(fn)		module_init(fn)
#define late_initcall_sync(fn)		module_init(fn)

#define console_initcall(fn)		module_init(fn)
#define security_initcall(fn)		module_init(fn)

/* Each module must use one module_init(). */
#define module_init(initfn)					\
	static inline initcall_t __maybe_unused __inittest(void)		\
	{ return initfn; }					\
	int init_module(void) __copy(initfn) __attribute__((alias(#initfn))); -----别名alias-----

/* This is only required if you want to be unloadable. */
#define module_exit(exitfn)					\
	static inline exitcall_t __maybe_unused __exittest(void)		\
	{ return exitfn; }					\
	void cleanup_module(void) __copy(exitfn) __attribute__((alias(#exitfn)));

#endif

驱动中常用的宏///

***上述关键的alias别名属性。

include/linux/init.h

#ifndef MODULE =============内核中=============

#ifndef __ASSEMBLY__

/*
 * initcalls are now grouped by functionality into separate
 * subsections. Ordering inside the subsections is determined
 * by link order. 
 * For backwards compatibility, initcall() puts the call in 
 * the device init subsection.
 *
 * The `id' arg to __define_initcall() is needed so that multiple initcalls
 * can point at the same handler without causing duplicate-symbol build errors.
 *
 * Initcalls are run by placing pointers in initcall sections that the
 * kernel iterates at runtime. The linker can do dead code / data elimination
 * and remove that completely, so the initcall sections have to be marked
 * as KEEP() in the linker script.
 */

#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_PREL32_RELOCATIONS
#define ___define_initcall(fn, id, __sec)			\
	__ADDRESSABLE(fn)					\
	asm(".section	\"" #__sec ".init\", \"a\"	\n"	\
	"__initcall_" #fn #id ":			\n"	\
	    ".long	" #fn " - .			\n"	\
	    ".previous					\n");
#else
#define ___define_initcall(fn, id, __sec) \
	static initcall_t __initcall_##fn##id __used \
		__attribute__((__section__(#__sec ".init"))) = fn;
#endif

#define __define_initcall(fn, id) ___define_initcall(fn, id, .initcall##id)

/*
 * Early initcalls run before initializing SMP.
 *
 * Only for built-in code, not modules.
 */
#define early_initcall(fn)		__define_initcall(fn, early)

/*
 * A "pure" initcall has no dependencies on anything else, and purely
 * initializes variables that couldn't be statically initialized.
 *
 * This only exists for built-in code, not for modules.
 * Keep main.c:initcall_level_names[] in sync.
 */
#define pure_initcall(fn)		__define_initcall(fn, 0)

#define core_initcall(fn)		__define_initcall(fn, 1)
#define core_initcall_sync(fn)		__define_initcall(fn, 1s)
#define postcore_initcall(fn)		__define_initcall(fn, 2)
#define postcore_initcall_sync(fn)	__define_initcall(fn, 2s)
#define arch_initcall(fn)		__define_initcall(fn, 3)
#define arch_initcall_sync(fn)		__define_initcall(fn, 3s)
#define subsys_initcall(fn)		__define_initcall(fn, 4)
#define subsys_initcall_sync(fn)	__define_initcall(fn, 4s)
#define fs_initcall(fn)			__define_initcall(fn, 5)
#define fs_initcall_sync(fn)		__define_initcall(fn, 5s)
#define rootfs_initcall(fn)		__define_initcall(fn, rootfs)
#define device_initcall(fn)		__define_initcall(fn, 6)
#define device_initcall_sync(fn)	__define_initcall(fn, 6s)
#define late_initcall(fn)		__define_initcall(fn, 7)
#define late_initcall_sync(fn)		__define_initcall(fn, 7s)

#define __initcall(fn) device_initcall(fn)

#define __exitcall(fn)						\
	static exitcall_t __exitcall_##fn __exit_call = fn

#define console_initcall(fn)	___define_initcall(fn,, .con_initcall)
#define security_initcall(fn)	___define_initcall(fn,, .security_initcall)

struct obs_kernel_param {
	const char *str;
	int (*setup_func)(char *);
	int early;
};

/*
 * Only for really core code.  See moduleparam.h for the normal way.
 *
 * Force the alignment so the compiler doesn't space elements of the
 * obs_kernel_param "array" too far apart in .init.setup.
 */
#define __setup_param(str, unique_id, fn, early)			\
	static const char __setup_str_##unique_id[] __initconst		\
		__aligned(1) = str; 					\
	static struct obs_kernel_param __setup_##unique_id		\
		__used __section(.init.setup)				\
		__attribute__((aligned((sizeof(long)))))		\
		= { __setup_str_##unique_id, fn, early }

#define __setup(str, fn)						\
	__setup_param(str, fn, fn, 0)

/*
 * NOTE: fn is as per module_param, not __setup!
 * Emits warning if fn returns non-zero.
 */
#define early_param(str, fn)						\
	__setup_param(str, fn, fn, 1)

#define early_param_on_off(str_on, str_off, var, config)		\
									\
	int var = IS_ENABLED(config);					\
									\
	static int __init parse_##var##_on(char *arg)			\
	{								\
		var = 1;						\
		return 0;						\
	}								\
	__setup_param(str_on, parse_##var##_on, parse_##var##_on, 1);	\
									\
	static int __init parse_##var##_off(char *arg)			\
	{								\
		var = 0;						\
		return 0;						\
	}								\
	__setup_param(str_off, parse_##var##_off, parse_##var##_off, 1)

/* Relies on boot_command_line being set */
void __init parse_early_param(void);
void __init parse_early_options(char *cmdline);
#endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */

#else /* MODULE */ =============模块中=============

#define __setup_param(str, unique_id, fn)	/* nothing */
#define __setup(str, func) 			/* nothing */
#endif

MOUDLE宏：

module宏是在编译模块的时候gcc加入的参数。

在编译目录下隐藏文件。控制编译参数。

..char.ko.cmd .char.mod.o.cmd .char.o.cmd

其中有-DKBUILD_MODNAME='"char"' -DMODULE -c -o /root/mod/char.mod.o /root/mod/char.mod.c

在内核和在模块中的区别，必须include 包含module_init.h头文件：

内核中：
module_init -> __initcall ->device_initcall->__define_initcall ->放入到section，等待do_basic_setup调用。

/

#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_PREL32_RELOCATIONS
#define ___define_initcall(fn, id, __sec)			\
	__ADDRESSABLE(fn)					\
	asm(".section	\"" #__sec ".init\", \"a\"	\n"	\
	"__initcall_" #fn #id ":			\n"	\
	    ".long	" #fn " - .			\n"	\
	    ".previous					\n");
#else
#define ___define_initcall(fn, id, __sec) \
	static initcall_t __initcall_##fn##id __used \
		__attribute__((__section__(#__sec ".init"))) = fn;
#endif

#define __define_initcall(fn, id) ___define_initcall(fn, id, .initcall##id)

其中 :#define device_initcall(fn)		__define_initcall(fn, 6)

展开放入到.initcall6.init 的section中，参考arch/arm64/kernel/vmlinux.ld

这些段都收集在 .init.data中

 .init.data : {
  KEEP(*(SORT(___kentry+*))) *(.init.data init.data.*) *(.meminit.data*) *(.init.rodata .init.rodata.*) *(.meminit.rodata) . = ALIGN(8); __clk_of_table = .; KEEP(*(__clk_of_table)) KEEP(*(__clk_of_table_end)) . = ALIGN(8); __reservedmem_of_table = .; KEEP(*(__reservedmem_of_table)) KEEP(*(__reservedmem_of_table_end)) . = ALIGN(8); __timer_of_table = .; KEEP(*(__timer_of_table)) KEEP(*(__timer_of_table_end)) . = ALIGN(8); __cpu_method_of_table = .; KEEP(*(__cpu_method_of_table)) KEEP(*(__cpu_method_of_table_end)) . = ALIGN(32); __dtb_start = .; KEEP(*(.dtb.init.rodata)) __dtb_end = .; . = ALIGN(8); __irqchip_of_table = .; KEEP(*(__irqchip_of_table)) KEEP(*(__irqchip_of_table_end))
  . = ALIGN(16); __setup_start = .; KEEP(*(.init.setup)) __setup_end = .;
  __initcall_start = .; KEEP(*(.initcallearly.init)) __initcall0_start = .; KEEP(*(.initcall0.init)) KEEP(*(.initcall0s.init)) __initcall1_start = .; KEEP(*(.initcall1.init)) KEEP(*(.initcall1s.init)) __initcall2_start = .; KEEP(*(.initcall2.init)) KEEP(*(.initcall2s.init)) __initcall3_start = .; KEEP(*(.initcall3.init)) KEEP(*(.initcall3s.init)) __initcall4_start = .; KEEP(*(.initcall4.init)) KEEP(*(.initcall4s.init)) __initcall5_start = .; KEEP(*(.initcall5.init)) KEEP(*(.initcall5s.init)) __initcallrootfs_start = .; KEEP(*(.initcallrootfs.init)) KEEP(*(.initcallrootfss.init)) __initcall6_start = .; KEEP(*(.initcall6.init)) KEEP(*(.initcall6s.init)) __initcall7_start = .; KEEP(*(.initcall7.init)) KEEP(*(.initcall7s.init)) __initcall_end = .;
  __con_initcall_start = .; KEEP(*(.con_initcall.init)) __con_initcall_end = .;

  *(.init.rodata.* .init.bss)
 }

模块中:
module_init -> init_module (alias(#initfn) 将函数变成init_module的别名。插入模块是寻找该函数。insmod后通过解析该模块，调用系统调用接口。
finit_module最终调用该init_module函数。

static noinline int do_init_module(struct module *mod)
{
	int ret = 0;
	struct mod_initfree *freeinit;

	freeinit = kmalloc(sizeof(*freeinit), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!freeinit) {
		ret = -ENOMEM;
		goto fail;
	}
	freeinit->module_init = mod->init_layout.base;

	do_mod_ctors(mod);
	/* Start the module */
	if (mod->init != NULL) 
		ret = do_one_initcall(mod->init);  执行该init函数
。。。。。。。。。。。。。

}


static int load_module(struct load_info *info, const char __user *uargs,
		       int flags)
{
	struct module *mod;
..................解析该module中的符号，该结构体中的函数int (*init)(void);就是init_module函数。

    return do_init_module(mod);
..........

}

module_init(hello_init)实例：

[98558.383030]  dump_backtrace+0x0/0x1b8
[98558.389447]  show_stack+0x24/0x30
[98558.395531]  dump_stack+0x90/0xb4
[98558.401601]  hello_init+0x34/0xf0 [char]
[98558.408296]  do_one_initcall+0x54/0x1f8
[98558.414914]  do_init_module+0x64/0x1d8
[98558.421451]  load_module+0x14c4/0x15b0
[98558.427955]  __se_sys_finit_module+0xf0/0x108
[98558.435084]  __arm64_sys_finit_module+0x24/0x30
[98558.442345]  el0_svc_handler+0x84/0x140
[98558.448873]  el0_svc+0x8/0xc