驱动程序-字符驱动

参考http://www.kerneltravel.net/?p=334

一、编写内核文件chardev.c

/*chardev.c*/
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>                   /*for file-f_op*/
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>                /*for copy_to_user()*/
#include <linux/cdev.h>                 /*for cdev ,cdev_init,cdev_add....*/
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("Helight");
#define DP_MAJOR 248                    /*the major number of the chardev*/
#define DP_MINOR 0                      /*the minor number of the chardev*/
 static int char_read(struct file *filp,char __user *buffer,size_t,loff_t *);         
/*the read operation of the chardev----read the data from kernel*/
 static int char_open(struct inode *,struct file *);                                      /*open the chardev*/
 static int char_write(struct file *filp,const char __user *buffer,size_t ,loff_t*); /*write data to kernel*/
 static int char_release(struct inode *,struct file *);                                   /*release the chardev*/
 static int chropen;                     /*the chardev open or not*/
 struct cdev *chardev;                   /*define a char device*/
 static int len;
 static const struct file_operations char_ops = {
 .read = char_read,
 .write = char_write,
 .open = char_open,
 .release = char_release,
 };
 static int __init char_init(void)
 {
 dev_t dev;
 printk(KERN_ALERT"Initing......\n");
 dev=MKDEV(DP_MAJOR,DP_MINOR);
 chardev = cdev_alloc( );
 if(chardev==NULL){
 return -1;
 }
 if(register_chrdev_region(dev,10,"chardev")){
 printk(KERN_ALERT"Register char dev error\n");
 return -1;
 }
 chropen=0;
 len=0;
 cdev_init(chardev,&char_ops);
 if(cdev_add(chardev,dev,1))
 {
 printk(KERN_ALERT"Add char dev error\n");
 }
 return 0;
 }
 static int char_open(struct inode *inode,struct file *file)
 {
 if(chropen==0)
 chropen++;
 else{
 printk(KERN_ALERT"Another process open the char device\n");
 return -1;
 }
 try_module_get(THIS_MODULE);
 return 0;
 }
 static int char_release(struct inode *inode,struct file *file)
 {
 chropen--;
 module_put(THIS_MODULE);
 return 0;
 }
 static int char_read(struct file *filp,char __user *buffer,size_t length,loff_t *offset)
 {

   if(!copy_to_user(buffer,"hello world!",length))
   {
      return 0;
   }else
   {
       if(!copy_to_user(buffer,"hello world!",strlen("hello world!")))
       {
	  return 0;
        }
    }
	 
    return -1;

 }
 static int char_write(struct file *filp,const char __user  *buffer,size_t length,loff_t *offset)
 {
 return 0;
 }
 static void __exit module_close(void)
 {
 len=0;
 printk(KERN_ALERT"Unloading..........\n");
 unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(DP_MAJOR,DP_MINOR),10);
 cdev_del(chardev);
 }
 module_init(char_init);
 module_exit(module_close);

注意 DP_MAJOR 248  和 DP_MINOR 0 两个对应的设备号可以根据冲突情况修改，使用命令 ls -l /dev 可以查看到各种设备号分配情况。

二、编写测试文件Makefile

obj-m += chardev.o
#generate the path
CURRENT_PATH:=$(shell pwd)
#the current kernel version number
LINUX_KERNEL:=$(shell uname -r)
#the absolute path
#LINUX_KERNEL_PATH:=/usr/src/linux-headers-$(LINUX_KERNEL)
#这里的内核路径注意根据实际情况修改，确保内核路径指向正确，以下是centos的路径
#LINUX_KERNEL_PATH:=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-573.22.1.el6.i686
LINUX_KERNEL_PATH:=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-194.el5-i686
#complie object
all:
	make -C $(LINUX_KERNEL_PATH) M=$(CURRENT_PATH) modules
#clean
clean:
	make -C $(LINUX_KERNEL_PATH) M=$(CURRENT_PATH) clean

#注意make前面必须有tab字符，否则编译会出现make: Nothing to be done for `all'.

三、编写测试文件main.c

/*main.c*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
 int main(void)
 {
 int testdev;
 int i,rf=0;
 char buf[15];
 memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
 testdev = open("/dev/chardev0",O_RDWR);
 if ( testdev == -1 )
 {
 perror("open\n");
 exit(0);
 }
 rf=read(testdev,buf,12);
 if(rf<0)
 perror("read error\n");
 printf("R:%s\n",buf);
 close(testdev);
 return 0;
 }

四、测试

[root@stu106 chardev]# make
make -C /usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-194.el5-i686 M=/root/Desktop/chardev modules
make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-194.el5-i686'
  CC [M]  /root/Desktop/chardev/chardev.o
  Building modules, stage 2.
  MODPOST
  CC      /root/Desktop/chardev/chardev.mod.o
  LD [M]  /root/Desktop/chardev/chardev.ko
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/kernels/2.6.18-194.el5-i686'
[root@stu106 chardev]# insmod chardev.ko

加载内核
[root@stu106 chardev]# mknod /dev/chardev0 c 248 0

创建字符设备
[root@stu106 chardev]# chmod 666 /dev/chardev0

修改权限
[root@stu106 chardev]# gcc -o chardev_test main.c
[root@stu106 chardev]# ./chardev_test
R:hello world!

最后出现R:hello world!表示读取成功。