Mybatis学习
1、第一个Mybatis项目
1.1搭建数据库环境
1.2创建项目
1、新建普通maven项目
2、删除src
3、导入依赖
<dependencies>
<!--mysql驱动-->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.19</version>
</dependency>
<!--mybatis-->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mybatis/mybatis -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.4.6</version>
</dependency>
<!--junit-->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/junit/junit -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.13</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
2、 创建一个模块
2.1、创建核心配置文件
<!--核心配置-->
<configuration>
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306
/mybatis?useSSL=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="123456"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
</configuration>
2.2、编写mybatis工具类
public class MybatisUtils {
private static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;
static {
try {
//获取SqlSessionFactory对象
String resource = "mabatis-config.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static SqlSession getSqlSession(){
return sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
}
}
2.3、编写代码
-
实体类
package com.ngk.pojo; public class User { private int id; private String name; private String pwd; public User() { } public User(int id, String name, String pwd) { this.id = id; this.name = name; this.pwd = pwd; } public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getPwd() { return pwd; } public void setPwd(String pwd) { this.pwd = pwd; } @Override public String toString() { return "User{" + "id=" + id + ", name='" + name + '\'' + ", pwd='" + pwd + '\'' + '}'; } }
-
Dao接口
public interface UserMapper { List<User> getUserList(); }
-
接口实现类由原来的UserImpl转变为一个Mapper配置文件
<!--命名空间绑定一个对应的MApper接口-->
<mapper namespace="com.ngk.mapper.UserMapper">
<!--sql查询语句-->
<select id="getUserList" resultType="com.ngk.pojo.User">
select * from mybatis.user
</select>
</mapper>
2.4 测试
@Test
public void test(){
//1.获取SqlSession对象
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
//2.执行SQL
//方式1
UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
List<User> userList = userMapper.getUserList();
for (User user : userList) {
System.out.println(user);
}
//关闭Session
sqlSession.close();
}
2.5 注意点
2.5.1 每个xml需要在核心文件注册
<mappers>
<mapper resource="com/ngk/mapper/UserMapper.xml"></mapper>
</mappers>
2.5.2 需要在pom文件配置build
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>true</filtering>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/java</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.properties</include>
<include>**/*.xml</include>
</includes>
<filtering>true</filtering>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
3、mybatis的增删改查
3.1、查询操作
//根据id查询
User getUserById(int id);
<!--根据id查用户-->
<select id="getUserById" parameterType="int" resultType="com.ngk.pojo.User">
select * from mybatis.user where id=#{id}
</select>
@Test
public void testFindUserById(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
try {
UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
User user = userMapper.getUserById(1);
System.out.println(user);
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
sqlSession.close();
}
}
3.2、增加操作
//增加操作
int addUser(User user);
<!--添加一个用户-->
<insert id="addUser" parameterType="com.ngk.pojo.User" >
insert into mybatis.user(id, name, pwd) VALUE (#{id}, #{name}, #{pwd})
</insert>
//添加一个用户
@Test
public void testAddUser(){
SqlSession sqlSession = Mybati
UserMapper userMapper = sqlSes
User user = new User(4, "luhan
int status = userMapper.addUse
System.out.println(status);
//提交事务
sqlSession.commit();
//关闭Session
sqlSession.close();
}
3.3、修改操作
//修改操作
int updateUser(User user);
<!--修改用户-->
<update id="updateUser" parameterType="com.ngk.pojo.User" >
update mybatis.user set name=#{name}, pwd=#{pwd} where id=#{id};
</update>
//更改用户信息
@Test
public void updateUser(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
int status = userMapper.updateUser(new User(2, "ngk", "123456"));
if(status>0) System.out.println("更改成功!");
//提交事务
sqlSession.commit();
//关闭事务
sqlSession.close();
}
3.4、删除操作
//删除操作
int deleteUser(int id);
<!--删除用户-->
<delete id="deleteUser" parameterType="int">
delete from mybatis.user where id= #{id};
</delete>
//删除用户信息
@Test
public void deleteUser(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
int status = userMapper.deleteUser(4);
if(status>0) System.out.println("更改成功!");
//提交事务
sqlSession.commit();
//关闭事务
sqlSession.close();
}
4、万能Map
- 如果参数过多,或者数据库中的表,字段过多或者参数过多,应当考虑使用Map
- Map传递参数,直接在Sql中取出key即可!【parameterType=“map”】
- 对象传递参数,直接在Sql中取出对象即可!【parameterType=“Object”】
- 多个参数用Map或者注解
4.1map的插入操作
<!--用map添加一个用户-->
<insert id="addUser2" parameterType="map" >
insert into mybatis.user(id, name, pwd) VALUE (#{userId}, #{userName}, #{userPwd});
</insert>
@Test
//用map添加用户
public void AddUser2(){
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
map.put("userId", 5);
map.put("userName", "luhan");
map.put("userPwd", "123321");
int status = userMapper.addUser2(map);
if(status>0) System.out.println("插入成功!");
sqlSession.commit();
sqlSession.close();
}
5、模糊查询
模糊查询怎么写
-
在java代码执行的时候使用通配符
-
List<User> users = userMapper.getUserLike("%小%");
-
在sql拼接中使用通配符
-
select * from mybatis.user where name like "%"#{value}"%";
<!--模糊查询-->
<select id="getUserLike" resultType="com.ngk.pojo.User">
select * from mybatis.user where name like #{value};
</select>
//模糊查询
@Test
public void TestGetUserLike(){
//1.获取SqlSession对象
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
try {
//2.执行SQL
UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
List<User> users = userMapper.getUserLike("%小%");
for (User user : users) {
System.out.println(user);
}
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
sqlSession.close();
}
}
6、配置解析
6.1 配置
configuration(配置)
properties(属性)
settings(设置)
typeAliases(类型别名)
typeHandlers(类型处理器)
objectFactory(对象工厂)
plugins(插件)
environments(环境配置)
environment(环境变量)
transactionManager(事务管理器)
dataSource(数据源)
databaseIdProvider(数据库厂商标识)
mappers(映射器)
- mybatis可以配置多个环境,但每个SessionFactory实例只能选择一个
- 学会配置多套运行环境
- Mybatis默认事务管理器为JDBC,连接池:POOLED
6.2、属性(properties)
编写一个配置文件:
driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?useUnicode=true&useJDBCCompliantTimezoneShift=true&useLegacyDatetimeCode=false&serverTimezone=UTC
username=root
password=123456
引入外部配置文件
<!--引入外部配置文件-->
<properties resource="db.properties"></properties>
配置
<environments default="text">
<environment id="text">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="${driver}"/>
<property name="url" value="${url}"/>
<property name="username" value="${username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${password}"/>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
- 可以引入外部文件
- 可以在其中增加属性配置
- 如果两个文件有同一字段,优先使用外部配置文件
6.3 类型别名(typeAliases)
- 减少类完全限定名的冗余
<!--给实体类起别名-->
<typeAliases>
<typeAlias type="com.ngk.pojo.User" alias="User"></typeAlias>
</typeAliases>
<select id="getUserList" resultType="User">
select * from mybatis.user
</select>
- 也可指定一个包名,Mybatis会在包名下搜索需要的JavaBean
- 默认别名为这个类的类名,类名首字母小写
<!--给实体类起别名-->
<typeAliases>
<package name="com.ngk.pojo"></package>
</typeAliases>
<select id="getUserList" resultType="user">
select * from mybatis.user
</select>
- 实体类少用第一种,实体类多用第二种
- 第一种可以DIY别名,第二种不行,非要改,需要在实体类上增加注解
7、映射器(mapper)
- 方式一:
<mappers>
<mapper resource="com/ngk/mapper/UserMapper.xml"></mapper>
</mappers>
- 方式二:
<mappers>
<mapper class="com.ngk.mapper.UserMapper"></mapper>
</mappers>
注意点:
-
接口和配置文件必须同名!
-
接口和Mapper配置文件必须在同一个包下
-
方式三:使用扫描包进行注入绑定
<mappers>
<package name="com.ngk.mapper"></package>
</mappers>
注意点:
- 接口和配置文件必须同名!
- 接口和Mapper配置文件必须在同一个包下
8、解决属性名和字段名不一致的问题
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解决方法
8.1起别名
<!--sql查询语句-->
<select id="getUserById" resultType="user" parameterType="int">
select id, pwd as password from mybatis.user where id = #{id};
</select>
8.2 resultMap结果集映射
<!--column数据库中的字段 property实体类中的字段-->
<resultMap id="userMap" type="User">
<result column="id" property="id"></result>
<result column="name" property="name"></result>
<result column="pwd" property="password"></result>
</resultMap>
<select id="getUserById" resultMap="userMap">
select * from mybatis.user where id = #{id};
</select>
- 如果数据中的字段 和实体类中的字段相同可省略
<resultMap id="userMap" type="User">
<result column="pwd" property="password"></result>
</resultMap>
9、日志工厂
9.1Log4j
9.1.1 导入jar包
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.logging.log4j/log4j-core -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
<version>2.13.2</version>
</dependency>
9.1.2 配置properties
log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG,console,file
#控制台输出的相关设置
log4j.appender.console = org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.console.Target = System.out
log4j.appender.console.Threshold=DEBUG
log4j.appender.console.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.console.layout.ConversionPattern=[%c]-%m%n
#文件输出的相关设置
log4j.appender.file = org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.file.File=./log/kuang.log
log4j.appender.file.MaxFileSize=10mb
log4j.appender.file.Threshold=DEBUG
log4j.appender.file.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.file.layout.ConversionPattern=[%p][%d{yy-MM-dd}][%c]%m%n
#日志输出级别
log4j.logger.org.mybatis=DEBUG
log4j.logger.java.sql=DEBUG
log4j.logger.java.sql.Statement=DEBUG
log4j.logger.java.sql.ResultSet=DEBUG
log4j.logger.java.sql.PreparedStatement=DEBUG
9.1.3配置log4j输出
<settings>
<setting name="logImpl" value="LOG4J"/>
</settings>
9.2 STDOUT_LOGGING 标准日志输出
<!--设置日志输出格式-->
<settings>
<setting name="logImpl" value="STDOUT_LOGGING"/>
</settings>
10、分页
为什么要分页? 减少数据处理量
10.1 mybatis实现分页,核心SQL
10.1.1 接口
//分页查询
List<User> getUserByLimit(Map map);
10.1.2 Mapper.xml
<!---结果集映射-->
<resultMap id="UserMap" type="user">
<result column="pwd" property="password"></result>
</resultMap>
<!--分页查询-->
<select id="getUserByLimit" parameterType="map" resultMap="UserMap">
select * from mybatis.user limit #{startIndex}, #{pageSize};
</select>
10.1.3 测试
@Test
public void testGetUserByLimit(){
//1.获取SqlSession对象
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
try {
//2.执行SQL
UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
HashMap<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
map.put("startIndex", 0);
map.put("pageSize", 4);
List<User> userByLimit = userMapper.getUserByLimit(map);
for (User user : userByLimit) {
System.out.println(user);
}
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
sqlSession.close();
}
}
10.2 RowBounds 实现分页
11、使用注解开发
11.1使用注解开发
1.注解在接口上实现
@Select("select * from user")
List<User> getUsers();
2.在核心配置文件中绑定接口
<mappers>
<mapper class="com.ngk.mapper.UserMapper"></mapper>
</mappers>
3.测试
@Test
public void test(){
//1.获取SqlSession对象
SqlSession sqlSession = MybatisUtils.getSqlSession();
try {
//2.执行SQL
UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
List<User> users = userMapper.getUsers();
for (User user : users) {
System.out.println(user);
}
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
sqlSession.close();
}
}
11.2 注解CRUD
//有参查询
@Select("select * from user where id = #{id}")
User getUserById(@Param("id") int id);
//增
@Insert("insert into user(id, name, pwd) value(#{id}, #{name}, #{password})")
int addUser(User user);
//删
@Delete("delete from user where id = #{uid}")
int deleteUser(@Param("uid") int id);
//改
@Update("update user set name=#{userName}, pwd=#{userPwd} where id = #{userId}" )
int updateUser(Map map);
11.3关于@Param()注解
- 基本类型的参数或者String类型,需要加上
- 引用类型不需要加
- 如果只有一个基本类型,可以忽略,建议都加上
- 在SQL中引用的就是这里得到@Param()中设定的属性名
12、Lombok
12.1 使用步骤
1、在IDEA安装Lombok插件
2、在项目中导入Lombok 的jar包
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.projectlombok/lombok -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.12</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
3、在实体类上加注解
@Getter and @Setter
@FieldNameConstants
@ToString
@EqualsAndHashCode
@AllArgsConstructor, @RequiredArgsConstructor and @NoArgsConstructor
@Log, @Log4j, @Log4j2, @Slf4j, @XSlf4j, @CommonsLog, @JBossLog, @Flogger, @CustomLog
@Data
@Builder
@SuperBuilder
@Singular
@Delegate
@Value
@Accessors
@Wither
@With
@SneakyThrows
@val
@var
experimental @var
@UtilityClass
Lombok config system
@Data:无参构造、get、set、toString、hashcode、equals
@AllArgsConstructor 有参构造
@NoArgsConstructor 无参构造
13、多对一
13.1 测试环境搭建
1.导入lombok
2.新建两个实体类Teacher、Student
3.建立mapper接口
4.建立mapper.xml
5.在核心配置文件中绑定注册mapper接口或者文件
6.测试查询是否成功
13.2按照查询嵌套处理
<!--
思路:
1、查询所有学生信息
2、根据学生查出来的tid,寻找对应的老师!
-->
<!--查学生-->
<select id="getStudent" resultMap="StudentTeacher">
select * from student
</select>
<resultMap id="StudentTeacher" type="Student">
<result property="id" column="id"></result>
<result property="name" column="name"></result>
<!--复杂属性,需要单独处理-->
<association property="teacher" column="tid" javaType="Teacher" select="getTeacher"></association>
</resultMap>
<!--查老师-->
<select id="getTeacher" resultType="Teacher">
select * from teacher where id = #{id}
</select>
13.3 按照结果嵌套处理
<!--按照结果嵌套处理-->
<select id="getStudent2" resultMap="StudentTeacher2">
select s.id sid, s.name sname, t.name tname
from student s, teacher t
where s.tid = t.id;
</select>
<resultMap id="StudentTeacher2" type="Student">
<result property="id" column="sid"></result>
<result property="name" column="sname"></result>
<association property="teacher" javaType="Teacher">
<result property="name" column="tname"></result>
</association>
</resultMap>
13.4回顾Mysql多对一查询方式
- 子查询
- 连表查询
14、一对多
14.1 环境搭建
@Data
public class Teacher {
private int id;
private String name;
//一个老师多个学生
private List<Student> student;
}
14.2 按结果连表查询
<select id="getTeacher1" resultMap="StudentTeacher">
select s.id sid, s.name sname, t.id tid, t.name tname
from student s, teacher t
where s.tid = t.id;
</select>
<!--按结果嵌套查询-->
<resultMap id="StudentTeacher" type="Teacher">
<result property="id" column="tid"></result>
<result property="name" column="tname"></result>
<!--复杂属性,需要单独处理, 对象association 集合:collection
javaType=""指定属性类型
集合中的泛型信息,使用ofType获取
-->
<collection property="student" ofType="com.ngk.pojo.Student">
<result property="id" column="sid"></result>
<result property="name" column="sname"></result>
</collection>
</resultMap>
14.3 子查询
<select id="getTeacher2" resultMap="StudentTeacher1">
select * from mybatis.teacher where id = #{tid};
</select>
<resultMap id="StudentTeacher1" type="Teacher">
<collection property="student" ofType="com.ngk.pojo.Student" javaType="ArrayList" select="getStudent1" column="id"></collection>
</resultMap>
<select id="getStudent1" resultType="com.ngk.pojo.Student">
select * from mybatis.student where tid = #{tid};
</select>
15、动态SQL
15.1 if语句
<select id="findActiveBlogWithTitleLike"
resultType="Blog">
SELECT * FROM BLOG
WHERE state = ‘ACTIVE’
<if test="title != null">
AND title like #{title}
</if>
</select>
15.2 choose, when, otherwise
<select id="findActiveBlogLike"
resultType="Blog">
SELECT * FROM BLOG WHERE state = ‘ACTIVE’
<choose>
<when test="title != null">
AND title like #{title}
</when>
<when test="author != null and author.name != null">
AND author_name like #{author.name}
</when>
<otherwise>
AND featured = 1
</otherwise>
</choose>
</select>
15.3 trim, where, set
<select id="findActiveBlogLike"
resultType="Blog">
SELECT * FROM BLOG
<where>
<if test="state != null">
state = #{state}
</if>
<if test="title != null">
AND title like #{title}
</if>
<if test="author != null and author.name != null">
AND author_name like #{author.name}
</if>
</where>
</select>
- where 元素知道只有在一个以上的if条件有值的情况下才去插入"WHERE"子句。而且,若最后的内容是"AND"或"OR"开头的,where 元素也知道如何将他们去除。
15.4 foreach
- 动态 SQL 的另外一个常用的必要操作是需要对一个集合进行遍历,通常是在构建 IN 条件语句的时候
- foreach 元素的功能是非常强大的,它允许你指定一个集合,声明可以用在元素体内的集合项和索引变量
<select id="selectPostIn" resultType="domain.blog.Post">
SELECT *
FROM POST P
WHERE ID in
<foreach item="item" index="index" collection="list"
open="(" separator="," close=")">
#{item}
</foreach>
</select>
16、缓存
16.1 一级缓存
- 一级缓存是默认开启的,只在一次SqlSession中有效,也就是拿到连接到关闭连接这个阶段
- 一级缓存相当于一个Map
16.2 二级缓存
- 基于namespace,一个命名空间,对应一个二级缓存
- 测试:需要将实体类序列化,否则报错
16.3 缓存原理
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ActiveBlogLike"
resultType=“Blog”>
SELECT * FROM BLOG
state = #{state}
AND title like #{title}
AND author_name like #{author.name}
* where 元素知道只有在一个以上的if条件有值的情况下才去插入"WHERE"子句。而且,若最后的内容是"AND"或"OR"开头的,where 元素也知道如何将他们去除。
### 15.4 foreach
* 动态 SQL 的另外一个常用的必要操作是需要对一个集合进行遍历,通常是在构建 IN 条件语句的时候
* foreach 元素的功能是非常强大的,它允许你指定一个集合,声明可以用在元素体内的集合项和索引变量
~~~ java
<select id="selectPostIn" resultType="domain.blog.Post">
SELECT *
FROM POST P
WHERE ID in
<foreach item="item" index="index" collection="list"
open="(" separator="," close=")">
#{item}
</foreach>
</select>
16、缓存
16.1 一级缓存
- 一级缓存是默认开启的,只在一次SqlSession中有效,也就是拿到连接到关闭连接这个阶段
- 一级缓存相当于一个Map
16.2 二级缓存
- 基于namespace,一个命名空间,对应一个二级缓存
- 测试:需要将实体类序列化,否则报错
16.3 缓存原理
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