Kaggle项目：酒店预订需求数据的探索与预测

EDA and Predictive Analysis of Hotel Booking Demand Datasets 2.0

数据背景:该数据集包含酒店预订相关信息，数据信息范围包括：酒店类型、订单是否取消、预订时间、入住时长、入住人数、用户国籍等。

数据分析目的:1、分析用户的特征分布；2、分析酒店业务经营情况 ；3、预测酒店订单是否会被取消，找出重要影响因素

数据来源链接： https://www.kaggle.com/jessemostipak/hotel-booking-demand

以下通过Python对酒店预订数据进行探索性数据分析（Exploratory Data Analysis）和预测分析（Predictive Analysis）：

一、数据准备

import os
import zipfile
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import datetime as dt
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns 
import warnings
# 忽略警告
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')

# 正常显示中文和负号
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
# 可视化显示在页面 
%matplotlib inline
# 设定绘图风格
plt.style.use('ggplot')

# 声明变量
dataset_path = './'    # 数据集路径
zip_filename = 'archive_4.zip'     # zip文件名
zip_filepath = os.path.join(dataset_path, zip_filename)    # zip文件路径

# 解压数据集
with zipfile.ZipFile(zip_filepath) as zf:
    dataset_filename = zf.namelist()[0]      # 数据集文件名（在zip中）
    dataset_filepath = os.path.join(dataset_path, dataset_filename)  # 数据集文件路径
    print ("解压zip...",)
    zf.extractall(path = dataset_path)
    print ("完成。")

解压zip...
完成。

# 导入数据集
df_data = pd.read_csv(dataset_filepath)

# 查看加载的数据基本信息
print ('数据集基本信息：')
df_data.info()

数据集基本信息：
<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 119390 entries, 0 to 119389
Data columns (total 32 columns):
 #   Column                          Non-Null Count   Dtype  
---  ------                          --------------   -----  
 0   hotel                           119390 non-null  object 
 1   is_canceled                     119390 non-null  int64  
 2   lead_time                       119390 non-null  int64  
 3   arrival_date_year               119390 non-null  int64  
 4   arrival_date_month              119390 non-null  object 
 5   arrival_date_week_number        119390 non-null  int64  
 6   arrival_date_day_of_month       119390 non-null  int64  
 7   stays_in_weekend_nights         119390 non-null  int64  
 8   stays_in_week_nights            119390 non-null  int64  
 9   adults                          119390 non-null  int64  
 10  children                        119386 non-null  float64
 11  babies                          119390 non-null  int64  
 12  meal                            119390 non-null  object 
 13  country                         118902 non-null  object 
 14  market_segment                  119390 non-null  object 
 15  distribution_channel            119390 non-null  object 
 16  is_repeated_guest               119390 non-null  int64  
 17  previous_cancellations          119390 non-null  int64  
 18  previous_bookings_not_canceled  119390 non-null  int64  
 19  reserved_room_type              119390 non-null  object 
 20  assigned_room_type              119390 non-null  object 
 21  booking_changes                 119390 non-null  int64  
 22  deposit_type                    119390 non-null  object 
 23  agent                           103050 non-null  float64
 24  company                         6797 non-null    float64
 25  days_in_waiting_list            119390 non-null  int64  
 26  customer_type                   119390 non-null  object 
 27  adr                             119390 non-null  float64
 28  required_car_parking_spaces     119390 non-null  int64  
 29  total_of_special_requests       119390 non-null  int64  
 30  reservation_status              119390 non-null  object 
 31  reservation_status_date         119390 non-null  object 
dtypes: float64(4), int64(16), object(12)
memory usage: 29.1+ MB

总共有32个列标签，119390条数据记录，存在缺失数据。

二、数据清洗

# 逐条预览每个字段的数据计数，例：
col_data=df_data['meal'].value_counts()
plt.barh(y=col_data.index,width=col_data.values,height=0.5)

<BarContainer object of 5 artists>

分析字段数据的含义并对32个列标签初步分类，拟定数据清洗方法，如下表：

（一）缺失数据处理

#复制源数据
df_copy=df_data.copy()

# 查看有缺失数据的字段缺失个数占比
print ('缺失个数占比：')
df_copy.isnull().sum()[df_copy.isnull().sum()!=0]/df_copy.shape[0]

缺失个数占比：
children    0.000034
country     0.004087
agent       0.136862
company     0.943069
dtype: float64

# 'children'列缺失值较少，直接删除缺失的行
df_copy.dropna(subset=['children'],inplace=True)

# 'country'列缺失值较少，直接删除缺失的行
df_copy.dropna(subset=['country'],inplace=True)

#‘agent'列缺失值占比近14%，使用0替换列中的缺失值
df_copy['agent'].fillna(value=0, inplace = True)

# 'company'列缺失值过多，占比约94%，直接删除列
df_copy.drop(['company'],axis =1,inplace=True)

# 查验是否还有缺失数据
print ('含缺失数据的列的个数：')
df_copy.isnull().sum()[df_copy.isnull().sum()!=0].count()

含缺失数据的列的个数：
0

（二）删除重复记录

数据集无主键，暂不处理重复记录

（三）异常值处理

# 剔除入住晚数为0的记录
df_copy.drop(df_copy[df_copy['stays_in_weekend_nights']+df_copy['stays_in_week_nights']==0].index,inplace=True)

# 剔除入住人数为0的记录
df_copy.drop(df_copy[df_copy['adults']+df_copy['children']+df_copy['babies']==0].index,inplace=True)

# 将'children'字段数据类型修改为整型
df_copy.children = df_copy.children.astype(int)

# 将'meal'字段中的Undefined 修改为 SC 
df_copy.meal.replace("Undefined", "SC", inplace=True)

# 将'agent'字段数据类型修改为字符串型
df_copy.agent = df_copy.agent.astype(int)
df_copy['agent'] = df_copy['agent'].apply(str)

#查看'adr'字段数据分布
plt.boxplot(df_copy['adr'])

{'whiskers': [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x2359613ed60>,
  <matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x23596154070>],
 'caps': [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x23596154370>,
  <matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x23596154580>],
 'boxes': [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x2359613ea90>],
 'medians': [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x23596154850>],
 'fliers': [<matplotlib.lines.Line2D at 0x23596154b20>],
 'means': []}

#删除'adr'字段离群点
df_copy.drop(df_copy[df_copy['adr']>5000].index,inplace=True)

# 重置索引
df_copy.reset_index(drop=True,inplace=True)
# 查验加载的数据基本信息
print ('数据集基本信息：')
df_copy.info()

数据集基本信息：
<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 118087 entries, 0 to 118086
Data columns (total 31 columns):
 #   Column                          Non-Null Count   Dtype  
---  ------                          --------------   -----  
 0   hotel                           118087 non-null  object 
 1   is_canceled                     118087 non-null  int64  
 2   lead_time                       118087 non-null  int64  
 3   arrival_date_year               118087 non-null  int64  
 4   arrival_date_month              118087 non-null  object 
 5   arrival_date_week_number        118087 non-null  int64  
 6   arrival_date_day_of_month       118087 non-null  int64  
 7   stays_in_weekend_nights         118087 non-null  int64  
 8   stays_in_week_nights            118087 non-null  int64  
 9   adults                          118087 non-null  int64  
 10  children                        118087 non-null  int32  
 11  babies                          118087 non-null  int64  
 12  meal                            118087 non-null  object 
 13  country                         118087 non-null  object 
 14  market_segment                  118087 non-null  object 
 15  distribution_channel            118087 non-null  object 
 16  is_repeated_guest               118087 non-null  int64  
 17  previous_cancellations          118087 non-null  int64  
 18  previous_bookings_not_canceled  118087 non-null  int64  
 19  reserved_room_type              118087 non-null  object 
 20  assigned_room_type              118087 non-null  object 
 21  booking_changes                 118087 non-null  int64  
 22  deposit_type                    118087 non-null  object 
 23  agent                           118087 non-null  object 
 24  days_in_waiting_list            118087 non-null  int64  
 25  customer_type                   118087 non-null  object 
 26  adr                             118087 non-null  float64
 27  required_car_parking_spaces     118087 non-null  int64  
 28  total_of_special_requests       118087 non-null  int64  
 29  reservation_status              118087 non-null  object 
 30  reservation_status_date         118087 non-null  object 
dtypes: float64(1), int32(1), int64(16), object(13)
memory usage: 27.5+ MB

三、数据分析及可视化

（一）用户的特征分布

从用户属性、用户行为分析用户的特征分布，判断其对取消订单的相关性：

1、用户的地域分布

#引入世界地图信息表
import geopandas
world = geopandas.read_file(geopandas.datasets.get_path('naturalearth_lowres'))

#按'country'字段分组对酒店的订单量计数
df_country=df_copy['country'].value_counts().reset_index().rename (columns= {
   'index': 'code',