resultMap处理复杂映射问题

resultMap复杂映射问题

association:关联（多对一的情况）

collection: 集合（一对多的情况）

javaType: 用来指定实体类中属性的类型。

ofType: 用来指定映射到List或集合中POJO的类型，泛型的约束类型。

Ⅰ 多对一查询：学生——老师

数据库表：

CREATE TABLE `teacher` (
`id` INT(10) NOT NULL,
`name` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

INSERT INTO teacher(`id`, `name`) VALUES (1, '王老师');

CREATE TABLE `student` (
`id` INT(10) NOT NULL,
`name` VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,
`tid` INT(10) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `fktid` (`tid`),
CONSTRAINT `fktid` FOREIGN KEY (`tid`) REFERENCES `teacher` (`id`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;


INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('1', '小明', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('2', '小红', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('3', '小张', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('4', '小李', '1');
INSERT INTO `student` (`id`, `name`, `tid`) VALUES ('5', '小王', '1');

(1) 创建实体类POJO；

@Data
public class Student {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private Teacher teacher;
}

@Data
public class Teacher {
    private int id;
    private String name;
}

(2) 创建学生实体类对应的接口；

public interface StudentMapper {

    //查询所有学生的信息
    List<Student> getStudent();
    List<Student> getStudent2();
}

(3) 编写学生接口对应的Mapper.xml

为了达到和接口在同一个包中的效果，在resource文件夹下新建包结构com.glp.dao:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">

<mapper namespace="com.glp.dao.StudentMapper">

<!--按照结果查询——联表查询-->
    <select id="getStudent2" resultMap="StudentMap2">
         select s.id sid,s.name sname,t.name tname from student s, teacher t where s.tid=t.id;
    </select>

    <resultMap id="StudentMap2" type="Student">
         <result property="id" column="sid"/>
         <result property="name" column="sname"/>

        <association property="teacher" javaType="Teacher">
            <result property="name" column="tname"/>
        </association>
    </resultMap>


    <!--按照查询嵌套处理——子查询-->
        <select id="getStudent" resultMap="StudentMap" >
           select * from student;
        </select>

    <resultMap id="StudentMap" type="Student">
        <result property="id" column="id"/>
        <result property="name" column="name"/>
        <!--复杂属性：对象association, 集合collection-->
        <association property="teacher" column="tid" javaType="Teacher" select="getTeacher"/>
    </resultMap>
        
        <select id="getTeacher" resultType="Teacher">
            select * from teacher where id = #{id};
        </select>

</mapper>

在多对一查询中，需要用到teacher这个表，每个学生都对应着一个老师。而property只能处理单个属性，像teacher这种复杂属性（内含多个属性）需要进行处理。处理复杂对象要用association 。

方式一：联表查询（直接查出所有信息，再对结果进行处理）

   <resultMap id="StudentMap2" type="Student">
         <result property="id" column="sid"/>
         <result property="name" column="sname"/>

        <association property="teacher" javaType="Teacher">
            <result property="name" column="tname"/>
        </association>
    </resultMap>

直接查询出学生和老师，然后用association去取老师里面的属性property。

方式二：子查询（先查出学生信息，再拿着学生中的tid，去查询老师的信息）

  <resultMap id="StudentMap" type="Student">
        <result property="id" column="id"/>
        <result property="name" column="name"/>
        <!--复杂属性：对象association-->
        <association property="teacher" column="tid" javaType="Teacher" select="getTeacher"/>
    </resultMap>
        
        <select id="getTeacher" resultType="Teacher">
            select * from teacher where id = #{id};
        </select>

在resultMap中引入属性association，通过javaType指定property="teacher"的类型，javaType="Teacher"。通过select引入子查询（嵌套查询）。

这里是拿到学生中的tid，去查找对应的老师。

（4）在核心配置类中引入Mapper

db.properties:数据库连接参数配置文件

driver = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?useSSL=true&useUnicode=true&chracterEncoding=utf8
username =root
password =mysql

mybatis.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>


    <properties resource="db.properties">
        <property name="username" value="root"/>
        <property name="password" value="mysql"/>
    </properties>

    <settings>
        <setting name="logImpl" value="STDOUT_LOGGING"/>
    </settings>

    <typeAliases>
        <typeAlias type="com.glp.POJO.Student" alias="Student"/>
        <typeAlias type="com.glp.POJO.Teacher" alias="Teacher"/>
    </typeAliases>


    <environments default="development">

        <environment id="development">
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <property name="driver" value="${driver}"/>
                <property name="url" value="${url}}"/>
                <property name="username" value="${username}"/>
                <property name="password" value="${password}"/>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>

    </environments>

    <mappers>
        <mapper class="com.glp.dao.StudentMapper"/>
        <mapper class="com.glp.dao.TeacherMapper"/>
    </mappers>

</configuration>

注意：
要保证接口和Mapper.xml都在同一个包中。

(5) 测试

public class UserDaoTest {
    @Test
    public void getStudent(){
        SqlSession sqlSession = MyUtils.getSqlSession();
        StudentMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);
        List<Student> list = mapper.getStudent();

        for (Student stu:list ) {
            System.out.println(stu);
        }
        sqlSession.close();
    }

    @Test
    public void getStudent2(){
        SqlSession sqlSession = MyUtils.getSqlSession();
        StudentMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(StudentMapper.class);

        List<Student> list = mapper.getStudent2();

        for (Student stu:list ) {
            System.out.println(stu);
        }
        sqlSession.close();
    }
}

Ⅱ 一对多查询：老师——学生

（1）实体类

@Data
public class Student {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private int tid;
}

@Data
public class Teacher {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private List<Student> students;
}

（2） 接口

package com.glp.dao;

public interface TeacherMapper {

    Teacher getTeacher(@Param("tid") int id);

    Teacher getTeacher2(@Param("tid") int id);
}

（3）接口对应的Mapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">


<mapper namespace="com.glp.dao.TeacherMapper">

  <!--方式一          =======================                  -->
    <select id="getTeacher" resultMap="TeacherStudent">
        select s.id sid, s.name sname, t.name tname, t.id tid from
        student s ,teacher t where s.tid = t.id and t.id = #{tid};
    </select>

    <resultMap id="TeacherStudent" type="Teacher">
        <result property="id" column="tid"/>
        <result property="name" column="tname"/>
        <collection property="students" ofType="Student">
            <result property="id" column="sid"/>
            <result property="name" column="sname"/>
            <result property="tid" column="tid"/>
        </collection>
    </resultMap>


    <!--方式二          =======================                  -->

    <select id="getTeacher2" resultMap="TeacherStudent2">
        select * from teacher where id = #{tid};
         <!--这里的tid和接口中指定的属性名相同-->
    </select>

    <resultMap id="TeacherStudent2" type="Teacher">
	    <result property="id" column="id"/>
        <result property="name" column="name"/>
           <!--上面的两个可以省略-->
        <collection property="students"  column="id" javaType="ArrayList" ofType="Student"  select="getStuById"/>
    </resultMap>

    <select id="getStuById" resultType="Student">
        select * from student where tid=#{tid};
           <!--查询老师对应的学生，#{tid}-->
    </select>
</mapper>

方式一：联表查询，需要写复杂SQL
collection 用来处理集合，ofType用来指定集合中的约束类型
联合查询时，查询出所以结果，然后再解析结果中的属性，将属性property赋予到collection中。

方式二：子查询，需要写复杂映射关系

查询学生时，需要拿着老师的id去查找，column用来给出老师的id。

（4）测试：

package com.glp.dao;
public class UserDaoTest {

    @Test
    public void getTeacher(){
        SqlSession sqlSession = MyUtils.getSqlSession();
        TeacherMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(TeacherMapper.class);

        Teacher teacher = mapper.getTeacher(1);

        System.out.println(teacher);

        sqlSession.close();
    }


    @Test
    public void getTeacher2(){
        SqlSession sqlSession = MyUtils.getSqlSession();
        TeacherMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(TeacherMapper.class);

        Teacher teacher = mapper.getTeacher2(1);

        System.out.println(teacher);

        sqlSession.close();
    }
}