验证码的最基本异常

在试图添加验证码的时候，抛出了一下异常
getOutputStream() has already been called for this response

上网搜了一下，说的是

public java.io.PrintWriter getWriter()
throws java.io.IOException

Returns a PrintWriter object that can send character text to the client. The PrintWriter uses the character encoding returned by getCharacterEncoding(). If the response's character encoding has not been specified as described in getCharacterEncoding (i.e., the method just returns the default value ISO-8859-1), getWriter updates it to ISO-8859-1.

Calling flush() on the PrintWriter commits the response.

Either this method or getOutputStream() may be called to write the body, not both.



Returns:
a PrintWriter object that can return character data to the client
Throws:
UnsupportedEncodingException - if the character encoding returned by getCharacterEncoding cannot be used
java.lang.IllegalStateException - if the getOutputStream method has already been called for this response object
java.io.IOException - if an input or output exception occurred
See Also:
getOutputStream(), setCharacterEncoding(java.lang.String)

如API所言，由于ServletResponse.getOutputStream() 方法和该方法都有可能被调用，来输出JSP页面的内容，如果其中的一个方法被调用了，再调用另一个方法就会抛出异常。

解决方法如下：

将JSP页面的最后两行代码的注释去掉，这两行代码的作用如下：

out.clear()：清空缓存的内容。

pageContext.pushBody()：参考API