0405---centos7 swap 分区扩容带来的思考

gmriwyf

已于 2023-04-05 21:59:38 修改

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分类专栏： IT 运维文章标签：运维 linux

于 2023-04-05 10:32:02 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/gmriwyf/article/details/129967002

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文章讲述了在CentOS7系统中因数据库安装需求对swap分区进行扩容的过程，遇到的挑战包括无可用PE和xfs文件系统不支持在线缩减空间。作者通过缩小根分区来扩展swap，但导致系统无法启动。分析指出，xfs文件系统的LVM分区应避免缩减，推荐使用xfsdump和xfsrestore工具，并强调了保留FreePE、独立boot分区和操作前备份的重要性。

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centos7 swap 分区扩容带来的思考

近期，在机房服务器上安装数据库系统时，提示 swap分区太小，为了符合安装要求，就对swap分区进行了扩容，但在操作过程中，出现了值得思考的问题。

一 swap扩容操作过程如下

1 查看当前 swap分区大小

[root@or19c ~]# free
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:        8008932      225728     7646872        9128      136332     7573516
Swap:       2097148           0     2097148

2 查看物理卷信息,发现没有空余的PE

[root@or19c ~]# pvdisplay
 --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda2
  VG Name               centos
  PV Size               <39.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              9983
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          9983
  PV UUID               l0vUVd-cfba-EXlb-Il51-VU4v-31Ey-JGvH2O

  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda3
  VG Name               centos
  PV Size               20.00 GiB / not usable 4.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              5119
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          5119
  PV UUID               gC9wKc-cTtk-xwp6-AyNE-Wm3S-4egM-S6rrQT

3 查看卷组信息,只有一个卷组，卷组名是（centos）

[root@or19c ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  5
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               58.99 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              15102
  Alloc PE / Size       15102 / 58.99 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0
  VG UUID               NrPbkL-TWeQ-0bXH-AsX0-FfPT-GaYV-yYIP6J

4 列出在用的swap，并关闭在用的swap分区

--summary about used swap devices
[root@orc19c ~]# swapon -s
Filename                                Type            Size    Used    Priority
/dev/dm-1                               partition       15626236        31488   -2

[root@or19c ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes, 125829120 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00015f38

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200    83886079    40893440   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda3        83886080   125829119    20971520   83  Linux

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 61.2 GB, 61194895360 bytes, 119521280 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

-- 关闭swap分区
[root@or19c ~]# swapoff /dev/dm-1

5 直接对swap分区进行扩容，显示没有空间

[root@or19c ~]# lvextend -L 10GB /dev/mapper/centos-swap
  Insufficient free space: 2048 extents needed, but only 0 available
root@or19c mapper]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                 3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                    3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    3.9G  9.0M  3.9G   1% /run
tmpfs                    3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root   57G   15G   43G  25% /
/dev/sda1               1014M  199M  816M  20% /boot
tmpfs                    783M     0  783M   0% /run/user/0

显示没有空间，确实所有的PE都分配完了，这时自然考虑到，何不把根分区释放部分空间给swap用。

6 缩小根分区8G,确实操作了，真正的危险就出在这里！

[root@or19c mapper]# lvresize /dev/centos/root -L -8G
WARNING: Reducing active and open logical volume to 48.99 GiB.
THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)

Do you really want to reduce centos/root? [y/n]: y
Size of logical volume centos/root changed from 56.99 GiB (14590 extents) to 48.99 GiB (12542 extents).
Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.

7 增加swap分区的大小

--扩容交换分区
[root@or19c mapper]# lvresize /dev/centos/swap  -L +8G
  Size of logical volume centos/swap changed from 2.00 GiB (512 extents) to 10.00 GiB (2560 extents).
  Logical volume centos/swap successfully resized.
--按新的容量创建交换分区  
[root@or19c mapper]# mkswap /dev/centos/swap
mkswap: /dev/centos/swap: warning: wiping old swap signature.
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 10485756 KiB
no label, UUID=04aa91ef-b16e-4003-943b-d067dedfd05d
--挂载交换分区
[root@or19c mapper]# swapon -va

8 验证修改后的逻辑分区是否符合要求

[root@or19c mapper]# lvdisplay
— Logical volume —
LV Path /dev/centos/swap
LV Size 10.00 GiB
— Logical volume —
LV Path /dev/centos/root
LV Size 48.99 GiB

看来，一切符合要求，随后重启了一下机器，悲剧了，系统无法启动。