Jquery.validate.js表单验证

 

前言:表单验证是十分常见的需求。公司做运维系统需要大量的编辑/新增表单,编辑之后提交,提交前需要进行表单验证,验证成功才能发起POST请求。由于项目前端大部分是基于Bootstrap开发的,可看官网Bootstrap Validator http://1000hz.github.io/bootstrap-validator/,感觉比较容易上手。用bootstrap validator有个问题,需验证的input/select等标签的外部需要有一个<div class="form-group">包着,验证失败时给class="form-group"的div变成红色。

 1 <form data-toggle="validator" role="form">
 2   <div class="form-group">
 3     <label for="inputName" class="control-label">Name</label>
 4     <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputName" placeholder="Cina Saffary" required>
 5   </div>
 6   <div class="form-group has-feedback">
 7     <label for="inputTwitter" class="control-label">Twitter</label>
 8     <div class="input-group">
 9       <span class="input-group-addon">@</span>
10       <input type="text" pattern="^[_A-z0-9]{1,}$" maxlength="15" class="form-control" id="inputTwitter" placeholder="1000hz" required>
11     </div>
12     <span class="glyphicon form-control-feedback" aria-hidden="true"></span>
13     <div class="help-block with-errors">Hey look, this one has feedback icons!</div>
14   </div>
15   <div class="form-group">
16     <label for="inputEmail" class="control-label">Email</label>
17     <input type="email" class="form-control" id="inputEmail" placeholder="Email" data-error="Bruh, that email address is invalid" required>
18     <div class="help-block with-errors"></div>
19   </div>
20   <div class="form-group">
21     <label for="inputPassword" class="control-label">Password</label>
22     <div class="form-inline row">
23       <div class="form-group col-sm-6">
24         <input type="password" data-minlength="6" class="form-control" id="inputPassword" placeholder="Password" required>
25         <div class="help-block">Minimum of 6 characters</div>
26       </div>
27       <div class="form-group col-sm-6">
28         <input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPasswordConfirm" data-match="#inputPassword" data-match-error="Whoops, these don't match" placeholder="Confirm" required>
29         <div class="help-block with-errors"></div>
30       </div>
31     </div>
32   </div>
33   <div class="form-group">
34     <div class="radio">
35       <label>
36         <input type="radio" name="underwear" required>
37         Boxers
38       </label>
39     </div>
40     <div class="radio">
41       <label>
42         <input type="radio" name="underwear" required>
43         Briefs
44       </label>
45     </div>
46   </div>
47   <div class="form-group">
48     <div class="checkbox">
49       <label>
50         <input type="checkbox" id="terms" data-error="Before you wreck yourself" required>
51         Check yourself
52       </label>
53       <div class="help-block with-errors"></div>
54     </div>
55   </div>
56   <div class="form-group">
57     <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
58   </div>
59 </form>
View Code

一、跳过的坑

后来没用Bootstrap Validator, 用了jquery.validate.js插件。https://jqueryvalidation.org/,接下来学习jquery.validate.js,有点懒,直接用英文,不懂的可以评论问我,我在form表单验证踩了很多坑,比较有体会……

最开始用jquery.validate.js时,用来验证Bootstrap模态框的Form表单,妈蛋,竟然验证不了,根本没有反应。搞了很久很久,才知道是因为用模态框时,submit按钮没有放在Form表单里面,所以触发不了验证。后来改用Bootstrap Validator,尼妈,得给要验证的input/select标签外的标签(验证不通过会变红)加上class="form-group",但是加上form-group属性后我的表单样式出错了(变丑了),怎么办,我只想给这个标签加上form-group属性,但是不希望它带上form-group的样式,正所谓有名无实……我当时不懂,一直用浏览器调前端界面,然而并没有什么卵用,后来请教隔壁组做前端的PHP大神,给这个标签的class最后加上自定义的样式,覆盖前面form-group的样式,前后只花了一两分钟,顿时膜拜铭哥大佬。比如说A标签的class有两个属性class="a b"当a和b的样式有冲突是,比时a样式是margin-top:10px,而b样式是margin-top:20px,这时会选取class最后的样式,b在a的后面,当a,b样式冲突时,会优先取b的样式。具体代码现在没有,要的话明天去公司的SVN找找看……

后来项目被我改用layer弹框,而不是模态框,老大让我做一个表单验证的接口……

因为总不能每一个HTML文件都写那么多JS来验证Form表单。验证接口参考了老大前公司的代码(TC公司)。

首先,页面初始化完成时,调用表单验证接口validate_interface

    <script>
        // layer.ready(callback) - 初始化就绪
        $(document).ready(function () {
            var form_obj = $("#edit_instance_data");
            validate_interface(form_obj);  // 调用包装好的接口进行表单验证与ajax请求
        });
    </script>

封装好的表单验证接口+Ajax请求接口+关闭layer弹框接口。

接下来用插件自带的invalidHandler得出有多少个标签不通过验证。再利用noty插件弹出提示信息。这里我简单看了noty插件,直接会用就行了。

看我下面的代码closest是什么意思,嗯,当时我也不知道,后来去查了下JQ,知道是从当前标签一层一层外外找,直至找到。

 $(element).closest('.selectpicker')

这句代码的意思是从当前标签一层一层往外找,直至找到class="selectpicker"的标签。

看我接口的代码会发现有highlight、success 的一些方法。这主要是因些我的form表单用了bootstrap-select插件来美化select标签,但是jquery.validate.js无法验证bootstrap-select的select标签,只能在提交表单时才会验证。这是个很奇葩的坑,我跳进出很久都出不来。网上stackoverflow看了很多解决方法,也没有什么用,是我姿势不对?

后来在一篇stackoverflow找到解决方法

form_obj.find("select").on('change', function(e) {
    console.log($(this));
    // 手动调用select标签
    $('.form-horizontal').validate().element($(this));
});

当验证不通过时,给标签(class:my-validate)加上has-error has-feedback属性,这样标签的边框就会变红。

$(element).closest('.my-validate').addClass('has-error has-feedback');

当验证通过时,移除对应的样式

label.closest('.my-validate').removeClass('has-error has-feedback');

二、以下是接口的代码,希望对你有帮助:

 1 // 封装好的表单验证接口与ajax请求
 2 function validate_interface(form_obj){
 3     form_obj.validate({
 4     invalidHandler: function(event, validator) {
 5         // 验证不通过的数量
 6         var errors = validator.numberOfInvalids();
 7         if (errors) {
 8             console.log("errors", errors);
 9             var msg = errors == 1 ? "你有 1 个必填字段未填,已经加红显示." : "你有 " + errors + " 个必填字段未填,已经加红显示。";
10             console.log("msg", msg);
11             noty({
12                 text: msg,
13                 type: "error",
14                 timeout: 1500
15             });
16         }
17     },
18     highlight : function(element) {
19         console.log(element.tagName);
20         $(element).closest('.my-validate').addClass('has-error has-feedback');
21         $(element).closest('.selectpicker').selectpicker('refresh');
22     },
23     //验证通过的处理
24     success : function(label) {
25         console.log("label", label);
26         label.closest('.my-validate').removeClass('has-error has-feedback');
27 
28     },
29 
30     submitHandler: function(form) {
31         console.log("form", form);
32         // ajax request after form validate true!
33         ajax_func();
34 
35     }
36 
37 
38 });
39 
40 
41     form_obj.find("select").on('change', function(e) {
42         console.log($(this));
43         $('.form-horizontal').validate().element($(this));
44     });
45 
46     // 点击弹出框的确认按钮调用该函数
47     function ajax_func() {
48         var ajax_post_url = form_obj.attr("ajax_post_url");
49         console.log("form_msg", form_obj.serialize());
50         $.ajax({
51             url: ajax_post_url,   // 提交的页面
52             data: form_obj.serialize(), // 从表单中获取数据
53             type: "POST",                   // 设置请求类型为"POST",默认为"GET"
54             error:function (jqXHR, textStatus, errorThrown) {
55                 alert(jqXHR.responseText);
56                 alert(jqXHR.status);
57             },
58             success: function(data) {
59                 var index = parent.layer.getFrameIndex(window.name); //先得到当前iframe层的索引
60                 console.log("index", index);
61                 parent.layer.close(index);  //再执行关闭
62                 alert("提交成功");
63             }
64         });
65     }
66 }
67 
68 
69 // interface of close layer
70 function close_layer() {
71     console.log("layer inter close");
72     var index = parent.layer.getFrameIndex(window.name); //先得到当前iframe层的索引
73     parent.layer.close(index);  //再执行关闭
74     return false;
75 }

验证一通过则发起ajax请求,ajax请求成功扣则关闭当前layer弹框,对layer不了解的可以看我下篇博客……

三、自定义验证

接下来又有个新需求,DBA腾哥要我验证表单,比如用户输入只能由字母、数字、下划线组成……还有IP地址,发须是IP的格式才能通过验证,给后台发起请求。

这就需要自定义表单验证方法,比如你想验证文本框验证的是不是IP地址,可以自定义表单验证方法,自己写正则表达式进行匹配,匹配不通过是显示自定义的错误信息。

 1         // layer.ready(callback) - 初始化就绪
 2         $(document).ready(function () {
 3             var form_obj = $("#edit_workflow");
 4 
 5             validate_interface(form_obj);  // 调用包装好的接口进行表单验证与ajax请求
 6 
 7             var url = location.search;
 8             $("#url").val(url);
 9 
10             // my first validator function
11             jQuery.validator.addMethod("my_first_validator", function(value, element) {
12                 return this.optional(element) || /^[a-zA-Z0-9_]+$/.test(value);
13             }, "用户名只能由字母、数字、下划线组成");
14 
15             // my second validator function
16             jQuery.validator.addMethod("my_second_validator", function(value, element) {
17                 return this.optional(element) || /^[^\s]*$/.test(value);
18             }, "密码不能包含空格");
19 
20             // my third validator function
21             jQuery.validator.addMethod("my_third_validator", function(value, element) {
22                 // 正则匹配文本框的IP
23                 return this.optional(element) || /^(\s)*(([0-9]{1,3}\.){3}[0-9]{1,3}(\s)*)+(\s)*$/.test(value);
24             }, "ip格式不对,多个ip请用换行符分开!");
25 
26         });

 

至此,表单验证ending,如果你是第一次了解表单验证,想必你看完这篇博客也是一脸蒙逼的,你应该看了官网,我下面选了jquery.validate.js官网我觉得我有必要记录的一部分。可以看看,不爽就自己去看官网。

对了,还有一个坑,百度/谷哥jquery.validate.js,会出现博客园的这篇文章jQuery验证控件jquery.validate.js使用说明+中文API,当时我想自定义错误信息,网上很多方法有用如下代码的方法,但我也引入了jquery.metadata.js,然而并没有反应。fuck! 

使用class="{}"的方式,必须引入包:jquery.metadata.js

可以使用如下的方法,修改提示内容:
class="{required:true,minlength:5,messages:{required:'请输入内容'}}"

解决方法:这个问题的实质是,我要对select标签进行验证,比如该标签是必填的,那我肯定要给标签加上required=“true",但是输入内容长度要如何加在标签?用上面代码的方法是不行的!! 还有,如果你自定义了验证方法,比如前端我自定义验证IP,那我如何让标签验证时调用这写的验证方法。其实很简单,没啥技术含量。看代码,代码现在没有,明天上班再看看

 

 

-----------------------分割线-----------------------

四、jquery.validate.js记录

submitHandler (default: native for m submit)

Type: Function()
Callback for handling the actual submit when the form is valid. Gets the form as the only argument. Replaces the default submit. The right place to submit a form via Ajax after it is validated.

Example: Submits the form via Ajax when valid.

$("#myform").validate({
    submitHandler: function(form) { 
        $(form).ajaxSubmit();
    }
});

Example: Use submitHandler to process something and then using the default submit. Note that "form" refers to a DOM element, this way the validation isn't triggered again.

$("#myform").validate({
    submitHandler: function(form) {
        // do other things for a valid form 
        form.submit();
    }
});

 

invalidHandler

Type: Function()
Callback for custom code when an invalid form is submitted. Called with an event object as the first argument, and the validator as the second.

Example: Displays a message above the form, indicating how many fields are invalid when the user tries to submit an invalid form.

$("#myform").validate({
    invalidHandler: function(event, validator) {
        // 'this' refers to the form
        var errors = validator.numberOfInvalids();
        if (errors) {
            var message = errors == 1 
            ? 'You missed 1 field. It has been highlighted' 
            : 'You missed ' + errors + ' fields. They have been highlighted'; 
            $("div.error span").html(message);
            $("div.error").show();
        } else {
            $("div.error").hide();
        }
    }
}); 


success

Type: String or Function()
If specified, the error label is displayed to show a valid element. If a String is given, it is added as a class to the label. If a Function is given, it is called with the label (as a jQuery object) and the validated input (as a DOM element). The label can be used to add a text like "ok!".

Example: Add a class "valid" to valid elements, styled via CSS.

$("#myform").validate({
  success: "valid",
  submitHandler: function() { alert("Submitted!") }
});

Example: Add a class "valid" to valid elements, styled via CSS, and add the text "Ok!".

$("#myform").validate({
  success: function(label) {
    label.addClass("valid").text("Ok!")
  },
  submitHandler: function() { alert("Submitted!") }
});

The callback gets passed two arguments:

  • label
    Type: jQuery
    The error label. Use to add a class or replace the text content.
  • element
    Type: Element
    The element currently being validated, as a DOMElement.

ignore (default: ":hidden")

Type: Selector
Elements to ignore when validating, simply filtering them out. jQuery's not-method is used, therefore everything that is accepted by not() can be passed as this option. Inputs of type submit and reset are always ignored, so are disabled elements.

Example: Ignores all elements with the class "ignore" when validating.

$("#myform").validate({
    ignore: ".ignore"
});
 

highlight (default: Adds errorClass (see the option) to the element)

Type: Function()
How to highlight invalid fields. Override to decide which fields and how to highlight.

Example: Adds the error class to both the invalid element and its label

$("#myform").validate({
     highlight: function(element, errorClass, validClass) {
        $(element).addClass(errorClass).removeClass(validClass);
        $(element.form).find("label[for=" + element.id + "]")
        .addClass(errorClass);
    },
    unhighlight: function(element, errorClass, validClass) { 
        $(element).removeClass(errorClass).addClass(validClass);
        $(element.form).find("label[for=" + element.id + "]")
        .removeClass(errorClass);
    }
})

The callback gets passed three arguments:

  • element

Type: Element

The invalid DOM element, usually an input.

  • errorClass

Type: String

Current value of the errorClass option.

  • validClass

Type: String

Current value of the validClass option.

unhighlight (default: Removes the errorClass)

Type: Function()

Called to revert changes made by option highlight, same arguments as highlight.

 

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