python filter()、map()、reduce()函数解析

>>> help(filter)

Help on built-in function filter in module __builtin__:

filter(...)
    filter(function or None, sequence) -> list, tuple, or string
    
    Return those items of sequence for which function(item) is true.  If function is None, return the items that are true.  If sequence is a tuple or string, return the same type, else return a list.

>>> help(map)
Help on built-in function map in module __builtin__:

map(...)
    map(function, sequence[, sequence, ...]) -> list
    
    Return a list of the results of applying the function to the items of the argument sequence(s).  If more than one sequence is given, the function is called with an argument list consisting of the corresponding item of each sequence, substituting None for missing values when not all sequences have the same length.  If the function is None, return a list of the items of the sequence (or a list of tuples if more than one sequence).

>>> help(reduce)
Help on built-in function reduce in module __builtin__:


reduce(...)
    reduce(function, sequence[, initial]) -> value
    
    Apply a function of two arguments cumulatively to the items of a sequence,  from left to right, so as to reduce the sequence to a single value.For example, reduce(lambda x, y: x+y, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) calculates ((((1+2)+3)+4)+5).  If initial is present, it is placed before the items of the sequence in the calculation, and serves as a default when the
 sequence is empty.