PHP无限级分类(嵌套集合模型)

介绍

什么是分层数据？


类似于树形结构，除了根节点和叶子节点外，所有节点都有用一个父节点和多个子节点。

那么，在MySQL中如何处理分层数据呢？

原文中介绍了两种分层结构模型：邻接表模型和嵌套集合模型。

邻接表模型(The Adjacency List Model)

首先，建立测试表，导入测试数据，

CREATE TABLE category(
        category_id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
        name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
        parent INT DEFAULT NULL
);

INSERT INTO category VALUES
        (1,'ELECTRONICS',NULL),
        (2,'TELEVISIONS',1),
        (3,'TUBE',2),
        (4,'LCD',2),
        (5,'PLASMA',2),
        (6,'PORTABLE ELECTRONICS',1),
        (7,'MP3 PLAYERS',6),
        (8,'FLASH',7),
        (9,'CD PLAYERS',6),
        (10,'2 WAY RADIOS',6);

SELECT * FROM category ORDER BY category_id;
+-------------+----------------------+--------+
| category_id | name                 | parent |
+-------------+----------------------+--------+
|           1 | ELECTRONICS          |   NULL |
|           2 | TELEVISIONS          |      1 |
|           3 | TUBE                 |      2 |
|           4 | LCD                  |      2 |
|           5 | PLASMA               |      2 |
|           6 | PORTABLE ELECTRONICS |      1 |
|           7 | MP3 PLAYERS          |      6 |
|           8 | FLASH                |      7 |
|           9 | CD PLAYERS           |      6 |
|          10 | 2 WAY RADIOS         |      6 |
+-------------+----------------------+--------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
在邻接表中，所有的数据均拥有一个Parent字段，用来存储它的父节点。当前节点为根节点的话，它的父节点则为NULL。
那么在遍历的时候，可以使用递归来实现查询整棵树，从根节点开始，不断寻找子节点（父节点->子节点->父节点->子节点）。

检索分层路径

一般需要获取一个分层结构的路径问题，那么

SELECT t1.name AS lev1, t2.name as lev2, t3.name as lev3, t4.name as lev4
FROM category AS t1
LEFT JOIN category AS t2 ON t2.parent = t1.category_id
LEFT JOIN category AS t3 ON t3.parent = t2.category_id
LEFT JOIN category AS t4 ON t4.parent = t3.category_id
WHERE t1.name = 'ELECTRONICS';

+-------------+----------------------+--------------+-------+
| lev1        | lev2                 | lev3         | lev4  |
+-------------+----------------------+--------------+-------+
| ELECTRONICS | TELEVISIONS          | TUBE         | NULL  |
| ELECTRONICS | TELEVISIONS          | LCD          | NULL  |
| ELECTRONICS | TELEVISIONS          | PLASMA       | NULL  |
| ELECTRONICS | PORTABLE ELECTRONICS | MP3 PLAYERS  | FLASH |
| ELECTRONICS | PORTABLE ELECTRONICS | CD PLAYERS   | NULL  |
| ELECTRONICS | PORTABLE ELECTRONICS | 2 WAY RADIOS | NULL