springBoot自动装配原理

SpringBoot 通过main方法启动SpringApplication类的静态方法run()来启动项目；

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringBootDay01Application {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringBootDay01Application.class, args);
    }
}

我们来查看一下run()的源码:

	/**
	 * Static helper that can be used to run a {@link SpringApplication} from the
	 * specified source using default settings.
	 * @param primarySource the primary source to load
	 * @param args the application arguments (usually passed from a Java main method)
	 * @return the running {@link ApplicationContext}
	 */
	public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Class<?> primarySource, String... args) {
		return run(new Class<?>[] { primarySource }, args);
	}

run()使用一个默认配置的指定资源来启动一个SpringApplication返回一个ApplicationContext对象；

我们再查看启动类上标注的SpringBootApplication注解，这是一个复合注解，我们可以点击查看源码来分析一波；

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters = { @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class),
		@Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) })
public @interface SpringBootApplication {

前面四个注解很常见就不多解释了，主要在后面三大注解：

• @SpringBootConfiguration：
  以Configuraton结尾，我们可以判断他应该是一个配置类注解，我们点击查看源码，底层确实是一个@Configuration注解，支持javaConfig来配置；
  

• @ComponentScan:默认扫描当前类所在的包及其子包下包含的注解，将@Controller/@Service/@Component/@Repository等注解加载到IOC容器中

• @EnableAutoConfiguration:
  这个注解的含义就是启动自动装配那么它是如何自动装配呢？我们来看一下源码；

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {

@AutoConfigurationPackage：这个注解的作用是扫描当前包及其子包下的@Entity和MapperScan等等三方依赖，作用与@ComponentScan一样，只是扫描对象不同；
@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class) 这是自动装配的核心注解；我们来查看导入的选择器做什么用？查看源码

	@Override
	public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
		if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
			return NO_IMPORTS;
		}
		AutoConfigurationEntry autoConfigurationEntry = getAutoConfigurationEntry(annotationMetadata);
		return StringUtils.toStringArray(autoConfigurationEntry.getConfigurations());
	}

首先我们找到selectImports()，它又调用getAutoConfigurationEntry()

	/**
	 * Return the {@link AutoConfigurationEntry} based on the {@link AnnotationMetadata}
	 * of the importing {@link Configuration @Configuration} class.
	 * @param annotationMetadata the annotation metadata of the configuration class
	 * @return the auto-configurations that should be imported
	 */
	protected AutoConfigurationEntry getAutoConfigurationEntry(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
		if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
			return EMPTY_ENTRY;
		}
		AnnotationAttributes attributes = getAttributes(annotationMetadata);
		List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);
		configurations = removeDuplicates(configurations);
		Set<String> exclusions = getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);
		checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);
		configurations.removeAll(exclusions);
		configurations = getConfigurationClassFilter().filter(configurations);
		fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);
		return new AutoConfigurationEntry(configurations, exclusions);
	}

getAutoConfigurationEntry()又调用getCandidateConfigurations()，

	protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
		List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(),
				getBeanClassLoader());
		Assert.notEmpty(configurations, "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you "
				+ "are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct.");
		return configurations;
	}

这里我们可以找到这个断言assert,可以得出这个方法其实在找META-INF/spring.factories文件，我们找到本地的这个文件查看；

查看这个文件，spring.factories文件是一组组的key=value的形式，包含了key为EnableAutoConfiguration的全类名，value是一个AutoConfiguration类名的列表，以逗号分隔。

# Initializers
org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SharedMetadataReaderFactoryContextInitializer,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.logging.ConditionEvaluationReportLoggingListener

# Application Listeners
org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.BackgroundPreinitializer

# Auto Configuration Import Listeners
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfigurationImportListener=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionEvaluationReportAutoConfigurationImportListener

# Auto Configuration Import Filters
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfigurationImportFilter=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.OnBeanCondition,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.OnClassCondition,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.OnWebApplicationCondition

最后，SpringApplicaton.run方法的内部就会执行selectImports方法，进而找到所有JavaConfig配置类全限定名对应的class，然后将所有自动配置类加载到IOC容器中。

举例说明自动配置类如何获取属性值：
以ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration为例，它是Servlet容器的自动配置类，它开启了@EnableConfigurationProperties(ServerProperties.class)注解，最终找到了ServerProperties类；
@ConditionalOnXXX 来判断是否可用；
到这，我们可以大致了解，在全局配置的属性如：server.port等，通过@ConfigurationProperties注解，绑定到对应的XxxxProperties配置实体类上封装为一个bean，然后再通过@EnableConfigurationProperties注解导入到Spring容器中。
最后做个小总结：