Java连接数据库的步骤

1 注册驱动（只做一次）mysql文档找驱动的名字
2 建立连接（Connection）
3 创建SQL的语句（Statement）
4 执行语句
5 处理执行结果（ResultSet）
6 释放资源

 

 

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;

/**
 * 
 * @author leiwei
 * 测试类
 *
 */
public class JDBCTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		template();
	}

	// 模板代码
	static void template() throws Exception {
		Connection conn = null;
		Statement st = null;
		ResultSet rs = null;
		try {
			// create connection
			conn = JDBCUtil.getConnection();
			// create statement
			st = conn.createStatement();
			// run statement
			rs = st.executeQuery("select * from user");
			// handle result
			while (rs.next()) {
				System.out.println(rs.getObject(1) + "\t" + rs.getObject(2)
						+ "\t" + rs.getObject(3) + "\t");
			}
			// 释放资源
		} finally {
			JDBCUtil.free(rs, st, conn);
		}

	}
}

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Properties;

/**
 * 
 * @author leiwei
 * 工具类 不允许被继承
 *
 */
public final class JDBCUtil {
	private static String driverClassName = "";  //驱动
	private static String url = "";  //数据库地址
	private static String user = ""; //用户名
	private static String password = ""; //密码

	// 不能构造实例
	private JDBCUtil() {}

	
	//静态代码块只会被执行一次 可以用来注册驱动
	static {
		try {
			InputStream in = JDBCUtil.class.getResourceAsStream("/jdbc.properties");
			Properties prop = prop = new Properties();
			prop.load(in);
			
			driverClassName = prop.getProperty("jdbc.mysql.driverClassName");
			url = prop.getProperty("jdbc.mysql.url");
			user = prop.getProperty("jdbc.mysql.username");
			password = prop.getProperty("jdbc.mysql.password");
			
			Class.forName(driverClassName);//根据类名转载类
			
			System.out.println("url地址："+url+"\n用户名username:"+user+"\n密码password:"+password);
		} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
			throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(e);
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	// create connection
	public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
		return DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
	}

	// 释放资源
	public static void free(ResultSet rs, Statement st, Connection conn) {
		try {
			if (rs != null){
				rs.close();
			}
		} catch (SQLException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			try {
				if (st != null){
					st.close();
				}
			} catch (SQLException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			} finally {
				if (conn != null){
					try {
						conn.close();
					} catch (SQLException e) {
						e.printStackTrace();
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

jdbc.properties

jdbc.mysql.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.mysql.url=jdbc:mysql://172.18.95.19:3306/bank
jdbc.mysql.username=test
jdbc.mysql.password=test