使用javascript避免单页应用中出现软 404 错误

重定向方法的示例：

fetch(`/api/products/${productId}`)
.then(response => response.json())
.then(product => {
  if(product.exists) {
    showProductDetails(product); // shows the product information on the page
  } else {
    // this product does not exist, so this is an error page.
    window.location.href = '/not-found'; // redirect to 404 page on the server.
  }
})

noindex 标记方法的示例：

fetch(`/api/products/${productId}`)
.then(response => response.json())
.then(product => {
  if(product.exists) {
    showProductDetails(product); // shows the product information on the page
  } else {
    // this product does not exist, so this is an error page.
    // Note: This example assumes there is no other meta robots tag present in the HTML.
    const metaRobots = document.createElement('meta');
    metaRobots.name = 'robots';
    metaRobots.content = 'noindex';
    document.head.appendChild(metaRobots);
  }
})

通过实现 History API，确保 Googlebot 可以访问链接网址：

<nav>
  <ul>
    <li><a href="/products">Our products</a></li>
    <li><a href="/services">Our services</a></li>
  </ul>
</nav>

<h1>Welcome to example.com!</h1>
<div id="placeholder">
  <p>Learn more about <a href="/products">our products</a> and <a href="/services">our services</p>
</div>
<script>
function goToPage(event) {
  event.preventDefault(); // stop the browser from navigating to the destination URL.
  const hrefUrl = event.target.getAttribute('href');
  const pageToLoad = hrefUrl.slice(1); // remove the leading slash
  document.getElementById('placeholder').innerHTML = load(pageToLoad);
  window.history.pushState({}, window.title, hrefUrl) // Update URL as well as browser history.
}

// Enable client-side routing for all links on the page
document.querySelectorAll('a').forEach(link => link.addEventListener('click', goToPage));

</script>

使用 JavaScript 更改漫游器元标记以防止在 API 调用未返回内容时将当前网页编入索引：

fetch('/api/products/' + productId)
  .then(function (response) { return response.json(); })
  .then(function (apiResponse) {
    if (apiResponse.isError) {
      // get the robots meta tag
      var metaRobots = document.querySelector('meta[name="robots"]');
      // if there was no robots meta tag, add one
      if (!metaRobots) {
        metaRobots = document.createElement('meta');
        metaRobots.setAttribute('name', 'robots');
        document.head.appendChild(metaRobots);
      }
      // tell Googlebot to exclude this page from the index
      metaRobots.setAttribute('content', 'noindex');
      // display an error message to the user
      errorMsg.textContent = 'This product is no longer available';
      return;
    }
    // display product information
    // ...
  });

创建一个网络组件，以便在其 shadow DOM 内显示 light DOM 内容：

<script>
  class MyComponent extends HTMLElement {
    constructor() {
      super();
      this.attachShadow({ mode: 'open' });
    }

    connectedCallback() {
      let p = document.createElement('p');
      p.innerHTML = 'Hello World, this is shadow DOM content. Here comes the light DOM: <slot></slot>';
      this.shadowRoot.appendChild(p);
    }
  }

  window.customElements.define('my-component', MyComponent);
</script>

<my-component>
  <p>This is light DOM content. It's projected into the shadow DOM.</p>
  <p>WRS renders this content as well as the shadow DOM content.</p>
</my-component>

呈现后，Googlebot 会将此内容编入索引：

<my-component>
  Hello World, this is shadow DOM content. Here comes the light DOM:
  <p>This is light DOM content. It's projected into the shadow DOM<p>
  <p>WRS renders this content as well as the shadow DOM content.</p>
</my-component>