ENSPLAB笔记：配置VXLAN（分布式网关，BGP EVPN方式）（Part1)

已于 2022-03-14 10:01:24 修改
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分类专栏： ENSP 文章标签： 网络 网络协议 wireshark
于 2022-03-13 15:42:26 首次发布
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目录

1、实验目的

2、实验环境

2.1 实验拓扑

2.2 数据准备

2.3 设备型号

3、实验内容

4、配置步骤

4.1 基础配置

4.2 配置业务接入点

4.3 配置BGP EVPN Peer

4.4 配置VPN实例和EVPN实例

4.5 使能头端复制功能

4.6 配置VXLAN三层网关

4.7 配置BGP对邻居发布IRB路由

4.8 配置BGP对邻居发布IP前缀路由

4.9 其他配置

5、结果验证

5.1 检查EVPN Peer是否正常建立

5.2 查看EVPN路由

5.2.1 Leaf1初始bgp evpn路由信息

5.2.2 Type3路由

5.2.3 Type5路由

5.2.4 Type 2路由

1、实验目的

了解分布式网关以及BGP EVPN工作机制。

2、实验环境

2.1 实验拓扑

2.2 数据准备

（1）服务器配置数据

服务器配置数据
ip add/maskgatewayVlan
Serv1172.16.1.10/24172.16.1.110
Serv210.10.10.10/2410.10.10.120
Serv3172.16.1.20/24172.16.1.130
Serv410.10.10.20/2410.10.10.140

(2）ASW1配置数据

ASW1配置数据
划分vlan10/20，和Leaf1 Trunk连接

（3）ASW2配置数据

ASW2配置数据
划分vlan30/40，和Leaf2 Trunk连接

（4）Leaf1/Leaf2/Spine1/BL1配置数据

Leaf1/Leaf2/Spine1/BL1配置数据

Lo0

（用于配置OSPF/BGP Router ID）

Lo10

（用于配置VTEP地址）

VID/BD/VNI对应关系
VIDBDVNI
Spine11.1.1.1
Leaf12.2.2.220.20.20.20101008000
20200
Leaf23.3.3.330.30.30.30303008000
BL14.4.4.440.40.40.40

本实验场景，Spine1不做vxlan封装，只是三层转发，不需要VTEP地址。BL1没有业务接入点，不需配置二层vxlan/bridge domain。

Spine1和Leaf1/Leaf2/BL1互联端口地址：192.168.x.x/24

（5）EVPN相关配置数据

EVPN相关配置数据
L2VPN(EVPN)L3VPN
BDL2VNIRDRTL3VNIRDRT
Leaf1100800020:1

100:10

200:10(ert)

100200:1

evpn:

200:10

200900020:2

100:20

200:10(ert)

Leaf2300800030:1

100:10

200:10(ert)

100300:1

evpn:

200:10

BL1100400:1

evpn:

200:10

BL1没有L2VPN配置，BL1只是通过L3VNI和Leaf1/Leaf2进行通信。

2.3 设备型号

设备型号
名称功能ENSP型号ENSP版本
Spine1Spine节点CE12800V200R005C10
Leaf1/Leaf2Server Leaf节点CE12800V200R005C10
BL1Border Leaf节点CE12800V200R005C10
ASW1/ASW2接入交换机S3700V200R001C00
Serv1~4服务器PC
R1模拟核心路由器/交换机AR1220V200R003C00

ENSP软件版本：V100R003C00SPC100

3、实验内容

1、按照实验环境进行组网。

2、基础配置：配置OSPF，相互能学习到Loopback地址。

3、完成BGP EVPN配置和分布式网关相关配置。

4、服务器Serv1能Ping通Serv3。

5、Serv2能Ping通Serv3

6、Serv1/Serv2/Serv3能Ping通R1地址182.1.1.2。

7、检查VXLAN/EVPN/路由状态。

4、配置步骤

4.1 基础配置

（1）配置Serv1/Serv2/Serv3/Serv4 IP地址/网关。

（2）配置ASW1、ASW2，端口划分vlan，配置和Leaf1/Leaf2的Trunk连接。

ASW1配置，ASW2类似:
-------------------
#
vlan batch 10 20
#
#
interface Ethernet0/0/1
 port link-type trunk
 port trunk allow-pass vlan 10 20
#
interface Ethernet0/0/2
 port link-type access
 port default vlan 10
#
interface Ethernet0/0/3
 port link-type access
 port default vlan 20
#

（3）配置Spine1/Leaf1/Leaf2/BL1的loopback地址，互联地址，配置OSPF，使得Loopback地址可达。

Leaf1 OSPF 配置：
#
ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
 area 0.0.0.0
  network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
  network 20.20.20.20 0.0.0.0
  network 192.168.12.2 0.0.0.0
#

4.2 配置业务接入点

分别在Leaf1/Leaf2配置业务接入点。

Leaf1配置：
---------
#
bridge-domain 100
#
bridge-domain 200
#
#
interface GE1/0/1.1 mode l2
 encapsulation dot1q vid 10
 bridge-domain 100
#
interface GE1/0/1.2 mode l2
 encapsulation dot1q vid 20
 bridge-domain 200
#

4.3 配置BGP EVPN Peer

(1) Spine1(RR)配置：
--------------
#
evpn-overlay enable
#
bgp 100
 router-id 1.1.1.1
 peer 2.2.2.2 as-number 100
 peer 2.2.2.2 connect-interface LoopBack0
 peer 3.3.3.3 as-number 100
 peer 3.3.3.3 connect-interface LoopBack0
 peer 4.4.4.4 as-number 100
 peer 4.4.4.4 connect-interface LoopBack0
 #
 ipv4-family unicast
  peer 2.2.2.2 enable
  peer 3.3.3.3 enable
  peer 4.4.4.4 enable
 #
 l2vpn-family evpn
  undo policy vpn-target
  peer 2.2.2.2 enable
  peer 2.2.2.2 reflect-client
  peer 3.3.3.3 enable
  peer 3.3.3.3 reflect-client
  peer 4.4.4.4 enable
  peer 4.4.4.4 reflect-client
#

(2) Leaf1 BGP EVPN配置：（Leaf2/BL1类似）
-------------------------------------
#
evpn-overlay enable
#
bgp 100
 router-id 2.2.2.2
 peer 1.1.1.1 as-number 100
 peer 1.1.1.1 connect-interface LoopBack0
 #
 ipv4-family unicast
  peer 1.1.1.1 enable
 #
 l2vpn-family evpn
  policy vpn-target
  peer 1.1.1.1 enable
#

undo policy vpn-target

缺省情况下，PE对收到的VPNv4路由进行VPN-target过滤。通过过滤的路由会被加入到路由表中，没有通过过滤的路由将被丢弃。因此，如果PE没有配置VPN实例，或者VPN实例没有配置VPN-Target，则PE丢弃所有收到的VPNv4路由。

Spine1(RR)不配置VPN实例，但是RR需要保存所有VPNv4路由信息，以通告给对端PE。这种情况下，RR应接收所有的VPNv4路由信息，不对它们进行VPN-Target过滤。

4.4 配置VPN实例和EVPN实例

Leaf1配置，Leaf2/BL1类似，其中BL1没有配置bridge-domain，所以没有evpn实例：
#
ip vpn-instance vpn1
 ipv4-family
  route-distinguisher 200:1
  vpn-target 200:10 export-extcommunity
  vpn-target 200:10 export-extcommunity evpn
  vpn-target 200:10 import-extcommunity
  vpn-target 200:10 import-extcommunity evpn
 vxlan vni 100 
#
#
bridge-domain 100
 vxlan vni 8000
 evpn
  route-distinguisher 20:1
  vpn-target 100:10 export-extcommunity
  vpn-target 200:10 export-extcommunity
  vpn-target 100:10 import-extcommunity
#

L3VPN（ip vpn-instance)下配置vpn-target 200:10 export-extcommunity evpn，主要对该L3VPN产生的ip prefix，在生成BGP Update——Type5类EVPN路由时，通过MPBGP EVPN传输时，携带RT：200:10，用于远端L3VPN过滤接收该前缀路由。

L2VPN（evpn)下配置vpn-target 200:10 export-extcommunity，主要对evpn产生的Type2类EVPN路由，即mac/ip信息，提取其中的ip信息（32位主机路由），通过MPBGP EVPN传输时，携带RT：200:10，用于远端L3VPN过滤接收该主机路由。

4.5 使能头端复制功能

(1)Leaf1配置，Leaf2类似：
--------------------
#
interface Nve1
 source 20.20.20.20
 vni 8000 head-end peer-list protocol bgp
#

(2)BL1配置：
-----------
只需要配置NVE端口，指定源地址即可，无需配置头端复制（没有BUM traffic）。
#
interface Nve1
 source 40.40.40.40
#

 配置vni 8000 head-end peer-list protocol bgp后，会生成BGP Update——Type3类EVPN路由（inclusive multicast route)，告诉其他VTEP，自己是对应VNI（即L2VNI）的成员，远端VTEP收到后，会把该VTEP接入到自己对应VNI的头端复制列表中（用于BUM流量的发送）。

通过dis vxlan peer查看vni对应的头端复制列表。

4.6 配置VXLAN三层网关

Leaf1配置，Leaf2类似：
---------------------
#
interface Vbdif100
 ip binding vpn-instance vpn1
 ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0
 mac-address 0001-0001-0001
 vxlan anycast-gateway enable
 arp collect host enable
#

 1）vxlan anycast-gateway enable

当用户希望网关作为分布式网关，并且需要网关只学习用户侧主机发送的ARP、ND或DHCP报文时，可以执行该命令。使能分布式网关功能之后：
网关只处理收到的用户侧主机发送的ARP、ND或DHCP报文，并生成主机路由。

网关删除已经学到的网络侧的ARP、ND或DHCP报文，同时删除相应的主机路由。

2）arp collect host enable

使三层网关能够获取主机信息表。

在配置分布式网关部署方式的VXLAN（BGP EVPN方式）场景中，当VXLAN网关之间发布的路由类型为IRB时，需配置arp collect host enable命令，用来发布主机路由。

3）arp广播抑制

在终端租户初次互通过程中，终端租户会发送ARP广播请求报文，而ARP请求报文会在二层网络内广播。为了抑制ARP广播请求报文给网络带来的广播风暴，可在VXLAN二层网关设备上使能ARP广播抑制功能。但是，ARP广播抑制功能的实现依赖于三层网关上的主机信息表（包括主机IP地址、MAC地址、VTEP地址和VNI ID，主机信息表通过arp collect host enable获取）。

在bridge-domain下配置arp broadcast-suppress，使能ARP广播抑制功能。

4）arp proxy/arp 代答

arp l2-proxy enable  ----BD下配置二层代答功能，可以配合arp collect host一起使用。

4.7 配置BGP对邻居发布IRB路由

spine1配置，Leaf1/Leaf2/BL1类似：
-------------------------------
#
 l2vpn-family evpn
    peer 2.2.2.2 advertise irb
    peer 3.3.3.3 advertise irb
    peer 4.4.4.4 advertise irb
#

4.8 配置BGP对邻居发布IP前缀路由

Leaf1配置，Leaf2/BL1类似：
#
 ipv4-family vpn-instance vpn1
  import-route direct
  advertise l2vpn evpn
 #

advertise l2vpn evpn

让vpn-instance的三层路由通过bgp evpn传递

4.9 其他配置

（1）Leaf1配置vbdif200，用于测试：
#
interface Vbdif200
 ip binding vpn-instance vpn1
 ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0
#
（2）配置R1和BL1互联和路由：
R1配置：
#
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
 ip address 182.1.1.2 255.255.255.0 
#
#                                         
ip route-static 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 182.1.1.1
ip route-static 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 182.1.1.1
ip route-static 192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0 182.1.1.1
#

5、结果验证

5.1 检查EVPN Peer是否正常建立

[spine1]dis bgp evpn peer
 BGP local router ID        : 1.1.1.1
 Local AS number            : 100
 Total number of peers      : 3
 Peers in established state : 3

  Peer            V          AS  MsgRcvd  MsgSent  OutQ  Up/Down       State  PrefRcv
  2.2.2.2         4         100        7       18     0 00:00:47 Established        6
  3.3.3.3         4         100        7       12     0 00:00:18 Established        4
  4.4.4.4         4         100        6       28     0 00:01:15 Established        2

5.2 查看EVPN路由

5.2.1 Leaf1初始bgp evpn路由信息

在Leaf1上Shutdown 和Spine1的BGP连接：

#
bgp 100
  peer 1.1.1.1 ignore
#

[Leaf1]dis bgp evpn peer 
 BGP local router ID        : 2.2.2.2
 Local AS number            : 100
 Total number of peers      : 1
 Peers in established state : 0

  Peer            V          AS  MsgRcvd  MsgSent  OutQ  Up/Down       State  PrefRcv
  1.1.1.1         4         100        0        0     0 00:01:23 Idle(Admin)        0

此时查看Leaf1的EVPN路由，都是自己产生的：

[Leaf1]dis bgp evpn all routing-table 
 Local AS number : 100

 BGP Local router ID is 2.2.2.2
 Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped, x - best external, a - add path,
               h - history,  i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
               Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

  
 EVPN address family:
  Number of Mac Routes: 1
 Route Distinguisher: 20:1
       Network(EthTagId/MacAddrLen/MacAddr/IpAddrLen/IpAddr)  NextHop
 *>    0:48:0001-0001-0001:0:0.0.0.0                          0.0.0.0

   EVPN-Instance 100:
  
 Number of Mac Routes: 1
       Network(EthTagId/MacAddrLen/MacAddr/IpAddrLen/IpAddr)  NextHop
 *>    0:48:0001-0001-0001:0:0.0.0.0                          0.0.0.0
  
 EVPN address family:
  Number of Inclusive Multicast Routes: 1
 Route Distinguisher: 20:1
       Network(EthTagId/IpAddrLen/OriginalIp)                 NextHop
 *>    0:32:20.20.20.20                                       0.0.0.0

   EVPN-Instance 100:
  
 Number of Inclusive Multicast Routes: 1
       Network(EthTagId/IpAddrLen/OriginalIp)                 NextHop
 *>    0:32:20.20.20.20                                       0.0.0.0
  
 EVPN address family:
  Number of Ip Prefix Routes: 4
 Route Distinguisher: 200:1
       Network(EthTagId/IpPrefix/IpPrefixLen)                 NextHop
 *>    0:172.16.1.0:24                                        0.0.0.0
 *>    0:10.10.10.0:24                                        0.0.0.0
 *>    0:172.16.1.1:32                                        0.0.0.0
 *>    0:10.10.10.1:32                                        0.0.0.0

   EVPN-Instance __RD_1_200_1__:
  
 Number of Ip Prefix Routes: 4
       Network(EthTagId/IpPrefix/IpPrefixLen)                 NextHop
 *>    0:172.16.1.0:24                                        0.0.0.0
 *>    0:10.10.10.0:24                                        0.0.0.0
 *>    0:172.16.1.1:32                                        0.0.0.0
 *>    0:10.10.10.1:32                                        0.0.0.0
[Leaf1]

4条type 5路由，由import direct产生；

1条type3路由，由int nve下配置的vni 8000产生；

1条type2路由（mac路由），由arp collect host enable产生？？

4条type5路由，由L3VPN注入进来的:

[Leaf1]dis bgp vpnv4 vpn-instance vpn1 routing-table 
 
 BGP Local router ID is 2.2.2.2
 Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped, x - best external, a - add path,
               h - history,  i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
               Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
 RPKI validation codes: V - valid, I - invalid, N - not-found


 VPN-Instance vpn1, Router ID 2.2.2.2:
 Total Number of Routes: 4
        Network            NextHop                       MED        LocPrf    PrefVal Path/Ogn
 *>     10.10.10.0/24      0.0.0.0                        0                     0       ?
 *>     10.10.10.1/32      0.0.0.0                        0                     0       ?
 *>     172.16.1.0/24      0.0.0.0                        0                     0       ?
 *>     172.16.1.1/32      0.0.0.0                        0                     0       ?

具体查看一条前缀路由（比如：0:172.16.1.0:24）的注入方式，可以看到此路由是“Imported route.":

[Leaf1]dis bgp evpn all routing-table prefix-route  0:172.16.1.0:24 


 BGP local router ID : 2.2.2.2
 Local AS number : 100
 Total routes of Route Distinguisher(200:1): 1
 BGP routing table entry information of 0:172.16.1.0:24:
 Imported route.
 Label information (Received/Applied): NULL/100
 From: 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0) 
 Route Duration: 0d00h13m08s
 Direct Out-interface: Vbdif100 
 Original nexthop: 20.20.20.20
 Effective nexthop: 172.16.1.1
 Qos information : 0x0
 Ext-Community: RT <200 : 10>, Tunnel Type <VxLan>, Router's MAC <707b-e8da-5876>
 AS-path Nil, origin incomplete, MED 0, pref-val 0, valid, local, best, select, pre 255
 Route Type: 5 (Ip Prefix Route)
 Ethernet Tag ID: 0, IP Prefix/Len: 172.16.1.0/24, ESI: 0000.0000.0000.0000.0000, GW IP Address: 0.0.0.0
 Not advertised to any peer yet
 

   EVPN-Instance __RD_1_200_1__:
  
 Number of Ip Prefix Routes: 1
 BGP routing table entry information of 0:172.16.1.0:24:
 Route Distinguisher: 200:1
 Imported route.
 Label information (Received/Applied): NULL/100
 From: 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0) 
 Route Duration: 0d00h13m12s
 Direct Out-interface: Vbdif100 
 Original nexthop: 20.20.20.20
 Effective nexthop: 172.16.1.1
 Qos information : 0x0
 Ext-Community: Tunnel Type <VxLan>, Router's MAC <707b-e8da-5876>
 AS-path Nil, origin incomplete, MED 0, pref-val 0, valid, local, best, select, pre 0
 Route Type: 5 (Ip Prefix Route)
 Ethernet Tag ID: 0, IP Prefix/Len: 172.16.1.0/24, ESI: 0000.0000.0000.0000.0000, GW IP Address: 0.0.0.0
 Not advertised to any peer yet
 
[Leaf1]

输入undo peer 1.1.1.1 ignore重建连接。

在Leaf1上，Leaf1连接Spine1的端口抓包，查看BGP update信息。

5.2.2 Type3路由

Leaf1发给Spine1的bgp update type3抓包信息：

No.     Time           Source                Destination           Protocol Length VXLAN Network Identifier (VNI) Info
     26 39.954000      2.2.2.2               1.1.1.1               BGP      510                                   UPDATE Message, UPDATE Message, UPDATE Message

Frame 26: 510 bytes on wire (4080 bits), 510 bytes captured (4080 bits) on interface -, id 0
Ethernet II, Src: 38:7d:c8:04:01:00 (38:7d:c8:04:01:00), Dst: 38:7d:c8:02:01:01 (38:7d:c8:02:01:01)
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 2.2.2.2, Dst: 1.1.1.1
Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: 52652, Dst Port: 179, Seq: 94, Ack: 71, Len: 456
Border Gateway Protocol - UPDATE Message
    Marker: ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
    Length: 108
    Type: UPDATE Message (2)
    Withdrawn Routes Length: 0
    Total Path Attribute Length: 85
    Path attributes
        Path Attribute - ORIGIN: INCOMPLETE
            Flags: 0x40, Transitive, Well-known, Complete
            Type Code: ORIGIN (1)
            Length: 1
            Origin: INCOMPLETE (2)
        Path Attribute - AS_PATH: empty
            Flags: 0x40, Transitive, Well-known, Complete
            Type Code: AS_PATH (2)
            Length: 0
        Path Attribute - LOCAL_PREF: 100
            Flags: 0x40, Transitive, Well-known, Complete
            Type Code: LOCAL_PREF (5)
            Length: 4
            Local preference: 100
        Path Attribute - EXTENDED_COMMUNITIES
            Flags: 0xc0, Optional, Transitive, Complete
            Type Code: EXTENDED_COMMUNITIES (16)
            Length: 24
            Carried extended communities: (3 communities)
                Route Target: 100:10 [Transitive 2-Octet AS-Specific]
                Route Target: 200:10 [Transitive 2-Octet AS-Specific]
                Encapsulation: VXLAN Encapsulation [Transitive Opaque]
        Path Attribute - PMSI_TUNNEL_ATTRIBUTE
            Flags: 0xc0, Optional, Transitive, Complete
            Type Code: PMSI_TUNNEL_ATTRIBUTE (22)
            Length: 9
            Flags: 0
            Tunnel Type: Ingress Replication (6)
            VNI: 8000
            Tunnel ID: tunnel end point -> 20.20.20.20
                Tunnel type ingress replication IP end point: 20.20.20.20
        Path Attribute - MP_REACH_NLRI
            Flags: 0x90, Optional, Extended-Length, Non-transitive, Complete
            Type Code: MP_REACH_NLRI (14)
            Length: 28
            Address family identifier (AFI): Layer-2 VPN (25)
            Subsequent address family identifier (SAFI): EVPN (70)
            Next hop: 14141414
                IPv4 Address: 20.20.20.20
                [Expert Info (Error/Malformed): Unknown Next Hop length (4 bytes)]
            Number of Subnetwork points of attachment (SNPA): 0
            Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI)
                EVPN NLRI: Inclusive Multicast Route
                    Route Type: Inclusive Multicast Route (3)
                    Length: 17
                    Route Distinguisher: 0000001400000001 (20:1)
                    Ethernet Tag ID: 0
                    IP Address Length: 32
                    IPv4 address: 20.20.20.20

Spine1发给Leaf1的bgp update type3抓包信息：

No.     Time           Source                Destination           Protocol Length VXLAN Network Identifier (VNI) Info
     28 39.954000      1.1.1.1               2.2.2.2               BGP      650                                   UPDATE Message, UPDATE Message, UPDATE Message, UPDATE Message

Frame 28: 650 bytes on wire (5200 bits), 650 bytes captured (5200 bits) on interface -, id 0
Ethernet II, Src: 38:7d:c8:02:01:01 (38:7d:c8:02:01:01), Dst: 38:7d:c8:04:01:00 (38:7d:c8:04:01:00)
Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 1.1.1.1, Dst: 2.2.2.2
Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: 179, Dst Port: 52652, Seq: 94, Ack: 94, Len: 596
Border Gateway Protocol - UPDATE Message
    Marker: ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
    Length: 122
    Type: UPDATE Message (2)
    Withdrawn Routes Length: 0
    Total Path Attribute Length: 99
    Path attributes
        Path Attribute - ORIGIN: INCOMPLETE
            Flags: 0x40, Transitive, Well-known, Complete
            Type Code: ORIGIN (1)
            Length: 1
            Origin: INCOMPLETE (2)
        Path Attribute - AS_PATH: empty
            Flags: 0x40, Transitive, Well-known, Complete
            Type Code: AS_PATH (2)
            Length: 0
        Path Attribute - LOCAL_PREF: 100
            Flags: 0x40, Transitive, Well-known, Complete
            Type Code: LOCAL_PREF (5)
            Length: 4
            Local preference: 100
        Path Attribute - ORIGINATOR_ID: 3.3.3.3 
            Flags: 0x80, Optional, Non-transitive, Complete
            Type Code: ORIGINATOR_ID (9)
            Length: 4
            Originator identifier: 3.3.3.3
        Path Attribute - CLUSTER_LIST: 1.1.1.1
            Flags: 0x80, Optional, Non-transitive, Complete
            Type Code: CLUSTER_LIST (10)
            Length: 4
            Cluster List: 1.1.1.1
        Path Attribute - EXTENDED_COMMUNITIES
            Flags: 0xc0, Optional, Transitive, Complete
            Type Code: EXTENDED_COMMUNITIES (16)
            Length: 24
            Carried extended communities: (3 communities)
                Route Target: 100:10 [Transitive 2-Octet AS-Specific]
                Route Target: 200:10 [Transitive 2-Octet AS-Specific]
                Encapsulation: VXLAN Encapsulation [Transitive Opaque]
        Path Attribute - PMSI_TUNNEL_ATTRIBUTE
            Flags: 0xc0, Optional, Transitive, Complete
            Type Code: PMSI_TUNNEL_ATTRIBUTE (22)
            Length: 9
            Flags: 0
            Tunnel Type: Ingress Replication (6)
            VNI: 8000
            Tunnel ID: tunnel end point -> 30.30.30.30
        Path Attribute - MP_REACH_NLRI
            Flags: 0x90, Optional, Extended-Length, Non-transitive, Complete
            Type Code: MP_REACH_NLRI (14)
            Length: 28
            Address family identifier (AFI): Layer-2 VPN (25)
            Subsequent address family identifier (SAFI): EVPN (70)
            Next hop: 1e1e1e1e
                IPv4 Address: 30.30.30.30
                [Expert Info (Error/Malformed): Unknown Next Hop length (4 bytes)]
            Number of Subnetwork points of attachment (SNPA): 0
            Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI)
                EVPN NLRI: Inclusive Multicast Route
                    Route Type: Inclusive Multicast Route (3)
                    Length: 17
                    Route Distinguisher: 0000001e00000001 (30:1)
                    Ethernet Tag ID: 0
                    IP Address Length: 32
                    IPv4 address: 30.30.30.30

 这个type3路由就是Leaf2产生的，vni 8000触发产生。

在Leaf1查看bgp evpn type3路由信息：

[Leaf1-bgp]dis bgp evpn all routing-table inclusive-route 
 Local AS number : 100

 BGP Local router ID is 2.2.2.2
 Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped, x - best external, a - add path,
               h - history,  i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
               Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

  
 EVPN address family:
  Number of Inclusive Multicast Routes: 2
 Route Distinguisher: 20:1
       Network(EthTagId/IpAddrLen/OriginalIp)                 NextHop
 *>    0:32:20.20.20.20                                       0.0.0.0
 Route Distinguisher: 30:1
       Network(EthTagId/IpAddrLen/OriginalIp)                 NextHop
 *>i   0:32:30.30.30.30                                       30.30.30.30

   EVPN-Instance 100:
  
 Number of Inclusive Multicast Routes: 2
       Network(EthTagId/IpAddrLen/OriginalIp)                 NextHop
 *>    0:32:20.20.20.20                                       0.0.0.0
 *>i   0:32:30.30.30.30                                       30.30.30.30
[Leaf1-bgp]

一共两条type3路由，0:32:20.20.20.20由Leaf1（本地）生成，0:32:30.30.30.30由Leaf2生成。

查看具体的type3路由：0:32:20.20.20.20

[Leaf1-bgp]dis bgp evpn all routing-table inclusive-route 0:32:20.20.20.20


 BGP local router ID : 2.2.2.2
 Local AS number : 100
 Total routes of Route Distinguisher(20:1): 1
 BGP routing table entry information of 0:32:20.20.20.20:
 Imported route.
 From: 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0) 
 Route Duration: 0d04h11m59s
 Direct Out-interface:  
 Original nexthop: 20.20.20.20
 Qos information : 0x0
 Ext-Community: RT <100 : 10>, RT <200 : 10>, Tunnel Type <VxLan>
 AS-path Nil, origin incomplete, pref-val 0, valid, local, best, select, pre 255
 PMSI: Flags 0, Ingress Replication, Label 0:0:0(8000), Tunnel Identifier:20.20.20.20
 Route Type: 3 (Inclusive Multicast Route)
 Ethernet Tag ID: 0, Originator IP:20.20.20.20/32
 Advertised to such 1 peers:
    1.1.1.1


   EVPN-Instance 100:
  
 Number of Inclusive Multicast Routes: 1
 BGP routing table entry information of 0:32:20.20.20.20:
 Route Distinguisher: 20:1
 Imported route.
 From: 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0) 
 Route Duration: 0d04h44m19s
 Direct Out-interface:  
 Original nexthop: 20.20.20.20
 Qos information : 0x0
 Ext-Community: Tunnel Type <VxLan>
 AS-path Nil, origin incomplete, pref-val 0, valid, local, best, select, pre 0
 PMSI: Flags 0, Ingress Replication, Label 0:0:0(8000), Tunnel Identifier:20.20.20.20
 Route Type: 3 (Inclusive Multicast Route)
 Ethernet Tag ID: 0, Originator IP:20.20.20.20/32
 Not advertised to any peer yet
 
[Leaf1-bgp]

查看具体的type3路由：0:32:30.30.30.30

[Leaf1-bgp]dis bgp evpn all routing-table inclusive-route 0:32:30.30.30.30


 BGP local router ID : 2.2.2.2
 Local AS number : 100
 Total routes of Route Distinguisher(30:1): 1
 BGP routing table entry information of 0:32:30.30.30.30:
 Label information (Received/Applied): 8000/NULL
 From: 1.1.1.1 (1.1.1.1) 
 Route Duration: 0d03h02m20s
 Relay IP Nexthop: 192.168.12.1
 Relay Tunnel Out-Interface: VXLAN
 Original nexthop: 30.30.30.30
 Qos information : 0x0
 Ext-Community: RT <100 : 10>, RT <200 : 10>, Tunnel Type <VxLan>
 AS-path Nil, origin incomplete, localpref 100, pref-val 0, valid, internal, best, select, pre 255, IGP cost 2
 Originator: 3.3.3.3
 PMSI: Flags 0, Ingress Replication, Label 0:0:0(8000), Tunnel Identifier:30.30.30.30
 Cluster list: 1.1.1.1
 Route Type: 3 (Inclusive Multicast Route)
 Ethernet Tag ID: 0, Originator IP:30.30.30.30/32
 Not advertised to any peer yet
 

   EVPN-Instance 100:
  
 Number of Inclusive Multicast Routes: 1
 BGP routing table entry information of 0:32:30.30.30.30:
 Route Distinguisher: 30:1
 Remote-Cross route
 Label information (Received/Applied): 8000/NULL
 From: 1.1.1.1 (1.1.1.1) 
 Route Duration: 0d03h02m20s
 Relay Tunnel Out-Interface: VXLAN
 Original nexthop: 30.30.30.30
 Qos information : 0x0
 Ext-Community: RT <100 : 10>, RT <200 : 10>, Tunnel Type <VxLan>
 AS-path Nil, origin incomplete, localpref 100, pref-val 0, valid, internal, best, select, pre 255
 Originator: 3.3.3.3
 PMSI: Flags 0, Ingress Replication, Label 0:0:0(8000), Tunnel Identifier:30.30.30.30
 Cluster list: 1.1.1.1
 Route Type: 3 (Inclusive Multicast Route)
 Ethernet Tag ID: 0, Originator IP:30.30.30.30/32
 Not advertised to any peer yet
 
[Leaf1-bgp]

 PMSI

Type 3 route must also carry a Provider Multicast Service Interface (PMSI) Tunnel attribute as specified in RFC 6514.

 查看Leaf1vxlan peer建立：

[Leaf1]dis vxlan peer
Number of peers : 1
Vni ID    Source                  Destination            Type      Out Vni ID
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8000      20.20.20.20             30.30.30.30            dynamic   8000       
[Leaf1]

 type是动态的，通过bgp evpn协议建立的。

这就是头端复制列表。

Leaf1和BL1、Leaf2都建立了vxlan tunnel:

[Leaf1]dis vxlan tunnel          
Number of vxlan tunnel : 2
Tunnel ID   Source                Destination           State  Type     Uptime
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4026531856  20.20.20.20           30.30.30.30           up     dynamic  04:09:06  
4026531857  20.20.20.20           40.40.40.40           up     dynamic  04:09:06  
[Leaf1]

 注意由于BL1没有配置L2VNI，所以Leaf1和BL1之间没有BUM流量的头端复制列表（就是没有vxlan peer)。

可以理解tunnel主要用于单播流量迭代到tunnel上（进行vxlan封装）。

5.2.3 Type5路由

Leaf1发给Spine1的bgp update type5的抓包信息：

Border Gateway Protocol - UPDATE Message
    Marker: ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
    Length: 228
    Type: UPDATE Message (2)
    Withdrawn Routes Length: 0
    Total Path Attribute Length: 205
    Path attributes
        Path Attribute - ORIGIN: INCOMPLETE
            Flags: 0x40, Transitive, Well-known, Complete
            Type Code: ORIGIN (1)
            Length: 1
            Origin: INCOMPLETE (2)
        Path Attribute - AS_PATH: empty
            Flags: 0x40, Transitive, Well-known, Complete
            Type Code: AS_PATH (2)
            Length: 0
        Path Attribute - MULTI_EXIT_DISC: 0
            Flags: 0x80, Optional, Non-transitive, Complete
            Type Code: MULTI_EXIT_DISC (4)
            Length: 4
            Multiple exit discriminator: 0
        Path Attribute - LOCAL_PREF: 100
            Flags: 0x40, Transitive, Well-known, Complete
            Type Code: LOCAL_PREF (5)
            Length: 4
            Local preference: 100
        Path Attribute - EXTENDED_COMMUNITIES
            Flags: 0xc0, Optional, Transitive, Complete
            Type Code: EXTENDED_COMMUNITIES (16)
            Length: 24
            Carried extended communities: (3 communities)
                Route Target: 200:10 [Transitive 2-Octet AS-Specific]
                Encapsulation: VXLAN Encapsulation [Transitive Opaque]
                EVPN Router MAC: Router MAC: 70:7b:e8:da:58:76 [Transitive EVPN]
        Path Attribute - MP_REACH_NLRI
            Flags: 0x90, Optional, Extended-Length, Non-transitive, Complete
            Type Code: MP_REACH_NLRI (14)
            Length: 153
            Address family identifier (AFI): Layer-2 VPN (25)
            Subsequent address family identifier (SAFI): EVPN (70)
            Next hop: 14141414
            Number of Subnetwork points of attachment (SNPA): 0
            Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI)
                EVPN NLRI: IP Prefix route
                    Route Type: IP Prefix route (5)
                    Length: 34
                    Route Distinguisher: 000000c800000001 (200:1)
                    ESI: 00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00
                    Ethernet Tag ID: 0
                    IP prefix length: 24
                    IPv4 address: 172.16.1.0
                    IPv4 Gateway address: 0.0.0.0
                    VNI: 100
                EVPN NLRI: IP Prefix route
                    Route Type: IP Prefix route (5)
                    Length: 34
                    Route Distinguisher: 000000c800000001 (200:1)
                    ESI: 00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00
                    Ethernet Tag ID: 0
                    IP prefix length: 24
                    IPv4 address: 10.10.10.0
                    IPv4 Gateway address: 0.0.0.0
                    VNI: 100
                EVPN NLRI: IP Prefix route
                    Route Type: IP Prefix route (5)
                    Length: 34
                    Route Distinguisher: 000000c800000001 (200:1)
                    ESI: 00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00
                    Ethernet Tag ID: 0
                    IP prefix length: 32
                    IPv4 address: 172.16.1.1
                    IPv4 Gateway address: 0.0.0.0
                    VNI: 100
                EVPN NLRI: IP Prefix route
                    Route Type: IP Prefix route (5)
                    Length: 34
                    Route Distinguisher: 000000c800000001 (200:1)
                    ESI: 00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00
                    Ethernet Tag ID: 0
                    IP prefix length: 32
                    IPv4 address: 10.10.10.1
                    IPv4 Gateway address: 0.0.0.0
                    VNI: 100

type5只携带L3VPN的export RT值：200:1

type5只携带L3VNI：100

type5路由中的router mac是NVE端口的mac地址：

[Leaf1]dis int nve1
Nve1 current state : UP (ifindex: 22)
Line protocol current state : UP 
Description: 
IP Sending Frames' Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2, Hardware address is 707b-e8da-5876

 Spine1向Leaf1发送的type5路由：

一部分是Leaf2产生的type5路由，另外一部分是BL1产生的type5路由。

Leaf1收到的，Leaf2产生的type5路由：

Border Gateway Protocol - UPDATE Message
    Marker: ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
    Length: 170
    Type: UPDATE Message (2)
    Withdrawn Routes Length: 0
    Total Path Attribute Length: 147
    Path attributes
        Path Attribute - ORIGIN: INCOMPLETE
            Flags: 0x40, Transitive, Well-known, Complete
            Type Code: ORIGIN (1)
            Length: 1
            Origin: INCOMPLETE (2)
        Path Attribute - AS_PATH: empty
            Flags: 0x40, Transitive, Well-known, Complete
            Type Code: AS_PATH (2)
            Length: 0
        Path Attribute - MULTI_EXIT_DISC: 0
            Flags: 0x80, Optional, Non-transitive, Complete
            Type Code: MULTI_EXIT_DISC (4)
            Length: 4
            Multiple exit discriminator: 0
        Path Attribute - LOCAL_PREF: 100
            Flags: 0x40, Transitive, Well-known, Complete
            Type Code: LOCAL_PREF (5)
            Length: 4
            Local preference: 100
        Path Attribute - ORIGINATOR_ID: 3.3.3.3 
            Flags: 0x80, Optional, Non-transitive, Complete
            Type Code: ORIGINATOR_ID (9)
            Length: 4
            Originator identifier: 3.3.3.3
        Path Attribute - CLUSTER_LIST: 1.1.1.1
            Flags: 0x80, Optional, Non-transitive, Complete
            Type Code: CLUSTER_LIST (10)
            Length: 4
            Cluster List: 1.1.1.1
        Path Attribute - EXTENDED_COMMUNITIES
            Flags: 0xc0, Optional, Transitive, Complete
            Type Code: EXTENDED_COMMUNITIES (16)
            Length: 24
            Carried extended communities: (3 communities)
                Route Target: 200:10 [Transitive 2-Octet AS-Specific]
                Encapsulation: VXLAN Encapsulation [Transitive Opaque]
                EVPN Router MAC: Router MAC: 70:7b:e8:2d:5c:d3 [Transitive EVPN]
        Path Attribute - MP_REACH_NLRI
            Flags: 0x90, Optional, Extended-Length, Non-transitive, Complete
            Type Code: MP_REACH_NLRI (14)
            Length: 81
            Address family identifier (AFI): Layer-2 VPN (25)
            Subsequent address family identifier (SAFI): EVPN (70)
            Next hop: 1e1e1e1e
                IPv4 Address: 30.30.30.30
                [Expert Info (Error/Malformed): Unknown Next Hop length (4 bytes)]
            Number of Subnetwork points of attachment (SNPA): 0
            Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI)
                EVPN NLRI: IP Prefix route
                    Route Type: IP Prefix route (5)
                    Length: 34
                    Route Distinguisher: 0000012c00000001 (300:1)
                    ESI: 00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00
                    Ethernet Tag ID: 0
                    IP prefix length: 24
                    IPv4 address: 172.16.1.0
                    IPv4 Gateway address: 0.0.0.0
                    VNI: 100
                EVPN NLRI: IP Prefix route
                    Route Type: IP Prefix route (5)
                    Length: 34
                    Route Distinguisher: 0000012c00000001 (300:1)
                    ESI: 00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00
                    Ethernet Tag ID: 0
                    IP prefix length: 32
                    IPv4 address: 172.16.1.1
                    IPv4 Gateway address: 0.0.0.0
                    VNI: 100

leaf1和leaf2，针对172.16.1.0，组成分布式网关，彼此发送相同的172.16.1.0/24和172.16.1.1的路由。

Leaf1收到的，BL1产生的type5路由：

Border Gateway Protocol - UPDATE Message
    Marker: ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
    Length: 170
    Type: UPDATE Message (2)
    Withdrawn Routes Length: 0
    Total Path Attribute Length: 147
    Path attributes
        Path Attribute - ORIGIN: INCOMPLETE
            Flags: 0x40, Transitive, Well-known, Complete
            Type Code: ORIGIN (1)
            Length: 1
            Origin: INCOMPLETE (2)
        Path Attribute - AS_PATH: empty
            Flags: 0x40, Transitive, Well-known, Complete
            Type Code: AS_PATH (2)
            Length: 0
        Path Attribute - MULTI_EXIT_DISC: 0
            Flags: 0x80, Optional, Non-transitive, Complete
            Type Code: MULTI_EXIT_DISC (4)
            Length: 4
            Multiple exit discriminator: 0
        Path Attribute - LOCAL_PREF: 100
            Flags: 0x40, Transitive, Well-known, Complete
            Type Code: LOCAL_PREF (5)
            Length: 4
            Local preference: 100
        Path Attribute - ORIGINATOR_ID: 4.4.4.4 
            Flags: 0x80, Optional, Non-transitive, Complete
            Type Code: ORIGINATOR_ID (9)
            Length: 4
            Originator identifier: 4.4.4.4
        Path Attribute - CLUSTER_LIST: 1.1.1.1
            Flags: 0x80, Optional, Non-transitive, Complete
            Type Code: CLUSTER_LIST (10)
            Length: 4
            Cluster List: 1.1.1.1
        Path Attribute - EXTENDED_COMMUNITIES
            Flags: 0xc0, Optional, Transitive, Complete
            Type Code: EXTENDED_COMMUNITIES (16)
            Length: 24
            Carried extended communities: (3 communities)
                Route Target: 200:10 [Transitive 2-Octet AS-Specific]
                Encapsulation: VXLAN Encapsulation [Transitive Opaque]
                EVPN Router MAC: Router MAC: 70:7b:e8:7a:4e:20 [Transitive EVPN]
        Path Attribute - MP_REACH_NLRI
            Flags: 0x90, Optional, Extended-Length, Non-transitive, Complete
            Type Code: MP_REACH_NLRI (14)
            Length: 81
            Address family identifier (AFI): Layer-2 VPN (25)
            Subsequent address family identifier (SAFI): EVPN (70)
            Next hop: 28282828
                IPv4 Address: 40.40.40.40
                [Expert Info (Error/Malformed): Unknown Next Hop length (4 bytes)]
            Number of Subnetwork points of attachment (SNPA): 0
            Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI)
                EVPN NLRI: IP Prefix route
                    Route Type: IP Prefix route (5)
                    Length: 34
                    Route Distinguisher: 0000019000000001 (400:1)
                    ESI: 00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00
                    Ethernet Tag ID: 0
                    IP prefix length: 24
                    IPv4 address: 182.1.1.0
                    IPv4 Gateway address: 0.0.0.0
                    VNI: 100
                EVPN NLRI: IP Prefix route
                    Route Type: IP Prefix route (5)
                    Length: 34
                    Route Distinguisher: 0000019000000001 (400:1)
                    ESI: 00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00
                    Ethernet Tag ID: 0
                    IP prefix length: 32
                    IPv4 address: 182.1.1.1
                    IPv4 Gateway address: 0.0.0.0
                    VNI: 100

查看bgp evpn type5的路由表：

[Leaf1]dis bgp evpn all routing-table prefix-route 
 Local AS number : 100

 BGP Local router ID is 2.2.2.2
 Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped, x - best external, a - add path,
               h - history,  i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
               Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

  
 EVPN address family:
  Number of Ip Prefix Routes: 8
 Route Distinguisher: 200:1
       Network(EthTagId/IpPrefix/IpPrefixLen)                 NextHop
 *>    0:172.16.1.0:24                                        0.0.0.0
 *>    0:10.10.10.0:24                                        0.0.0.0
 *>    0:172.16.1.1:32                                        0.0.0.0
 *>    0:10.10.10.1:32                                        0.0.0.0
 Route Distinguisher: 300:1
       Network(EthTagId/IpPrefix/IpPrefixLen)                 NextHop
 *>i   0:172.16.1.0:24                                        30.30.30.30
 *>i   0:172.16.1.1:32                                        30.30.30.30
 Route Distinguisher: 400:1
       Network(EthTagId/IpPrefix/IpPrefixLen)                 NextHop
 *>i   0:182.1.1.0:24                                         40.40.40.40
 *>i   0:182.1.1.1:32                                         40.40.40.40

   EVPN-Instance __RD_1_200_1__:
  
 Number of Ip Prefix Routes: 8
       Network(EthTagId/IpPrefix/IpPrefixLen)                 NextHop
 *>i   0:182.1.1.0:24                                         40.40.40.40
 *>    0:172.16.1.0:24                                        0.0.0.0
 * i                                                          30.30.30.30
 *>    0:10.10.10.0:24                                        0.0.0.0
 *>i   0:182.1.1.1:32                                         40.40.40.40
 *>    0:172.16.1.1:32                                        0.0.0.0
 * i                                                          30.30.30.30
 *>    0:10.10.10.1:32                                        0.0.0.0
[Leaf1]

查看具体的bgp evpn type5路由信息：

查看bgp evpn路由明细，0:172.16.1.0:24

[Leaf1]dis bgp evpn all routing-table prefix-route 0:172.16.1.0:24


 BGP local router ID : 2.2.2.2
 Local AS number : 100
 Total routes of Route Distinguisher(200:1): 1
 BGP routing table entry information of 0:172.16.1.0:24:
 Imported route.
 Label information (Received/Applied): NULL/100
 From: 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0) 
 Route Duration: 0d04h48m19s
 Direct Out-interface: Vbdif100 
 Original nexthop: 20.20.20.20
 Effective nexthop: 172.16.1.1
 Qos information : 0x0
 Ext-Community: RT <200 : 10>, Tunnel Type <VxLan>, Router's MAC <707b-e8da-5876>
 AS-path Nil, origin incomplete, MED 0, pref-val 0, valid, local, best, select, pre 255
 Route Type: 5 (Ip Prefix Route)
 Ethernet Tag ID: 0, IP Prefix/Len: 172.16.1.0/24, ESI: 0000.0000.0000.0000.0000, GW IP Address: 0.0.0.0
 Advertised to such 1 peers:
    1.1.1.1

 Total routes of Route Distinguisher(300:1): 1
 BGP routing table entry information of 0:172.16.1.0:24:
 Label information (Received/Applied): 100/NULL
 From: 1.1.1.1 (1.1.1.1) 
 Route Duration: 0d03h37m53s
 Relay IP Nexthop: 192.168.12.1
 Relay Tunnel Out-Interface: VXLAN
 Original nexthop: 30.30.30.30
 Qos information : 0x0
 Ext-Community: RT <200 : 10>, Tunnel Type <VxLan>, Router's MAC <707b-e82d-5cd3>
 AS-path Nil, origin incomplete, MED 0, localpref 100, pref-val 0, valid, internal, best, select, pre 255, IGP cost 2
 Originator: 3.3.3.3
 Cluster list: 1.1.1.1
 Route Type: 5 (Ip Prefix Route)
 Ethernet Tag ID: 0, IP Prefix/Len: 172.16.1.0/24, ESI: 0000.0000.0000.0000.0000, GW IP Address: 0.0.0.0
 Not advertised to any peer yet
 

   EVPN-Instance __RD_1_200_1__:
  
 Number of Ip Prefix Routes: 2
 BGP routing table entry information of 0:172.16.1.0:24:
 Route Distinguisher: 200:1
 Imported route.
 Label information (Received/Applied): NULL/100
 From: 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0) 
 Route Duration: 0d04h48m24s
 Direct Out-interface: Vbdif100 
 Original nexthop: 20.20.20.20
 Effective nexthop: 172.16.1.1
 Qos information : 0x0
 Ext-Community: Tunnel Type <VxLan>, Router's MAC <707b-e8da-5876>
 AS-path Nil, origin incomplete, MED 0, pref-val 0, valid, local, best, select, pre 0
 Route Type: 5 (Ip Prefix Route)
 Ethernet Tag ID: 0, IP Prefix/Len: 172.16.1.0/24, ESI: 0000.0000.0000.0000.0000, GW IP Address: 0.0.0.0
 Not advertised to any peer yet
 
 BGP routing table entry information of 0:172.16.1.0:24:
 Route Distinguisher: 300:1
 Remote-Cross route
 Label information (Received/Applied): 100/NULL
 From: 1.1.1.1 (1.1.1.1) 
 Route Duration: 0d03h37m54s
 Relay Tunnel Out-Interface: VXLAN
 Original nexthop: 30.30.30.30
 Qos information : 0x0
 Ext-Community: RT <200 : 10>, Tunnel Type <VxLan>, Router's MAC <707b-e82d-5cd3>
 AS-path Nil, origin incomplete, MED 0, localpref 100, pref-val 0, valid, internal, pre 255, not preferred for route type
 Originator: 3.3.3.3
 Cluster list: 1.1.1.1
 Route Type: 5 (Ip Prefix Route)
 Ethernet Tag ID: 0, IP Prefix/Len: 172.16.1.0/24, ESI: 0000.0000.0000.0000.0000, GW IP Address: 0.0.0.0
 Not advertised to any peer yet
 
[Leaf1]

leaf1和leaf2都产生了172.16.1.0这条路由，在进入L3VPN 路由表时进行比较，172.16.1.0是直连路由，所以优先。

查看bgp evpn路由明细，0:182.1.1.0:24

[Leaf1]dis bgp evpn all routing-table prefix-route 0:182.1.1.0:24 


 BGP local router ID : 2.2.2.2
 Local AS number : 100
 Total routes of Route Distinguisher(400:1): 1
 BGP routing table entry information of 0:182.1.1.0:24:
 Label information (Received/Applied): 100/NULL
 From: 1.1.1.1 (1.1.1.1) 
 Route Duration: 0d03h44m33s
 Relay IP Nexthop: 192.168.12.1
 Relay Tunnel Out-Interface: VXLAN
 Original nexthop: 40.40.40.40
 Qos information : 0x0
 Ext-Community: RT <200 : 10>, Tunnel Type <VxLan>, Router's MAC <707b-e87a-4e20>
 AS-path Nil, origin incomplete, MED 0, localpref 100, pref-val 0, valid, internal, best, select, pre 255, IGP cost 2
 Originator: 4.4.4.4
 Cluster list: 1.1.1.1
 Route Type: 5 (Ip Prefix Route)
 Ethernet Tag ID: 0, IP Prefix/Len: 182.1.1.0/24, ESI: 0000.0000.0000.0000.0000, GW IP Address: 0.0.0.0
 Not advertised to any peer yet
 

   EVPN-Instance __RD_1_200_1__:
                
 Number of Ip Prefix Routes: 1
 BGP routing table entry information of 0:182.1.1.0:24:
 Route Distinguisher: 400:1
 Remote-Cross route
 Label information (Received/Applied): 100/NULL
 From: 1.1.1.1 (1.1.1.1) 
 Route Duration: 0d03h44m33s
 Relay Tunnel Out-Interface: VXLAN
 Original nexthop: 40.40.40.40
 Qos information : 0x0
 Ext-Community: RT <200 : 10>, Tunnel Type <VxLan>, Router's MAC <707b-e87a-4e20>
 AS-path Nil, origin incomplete, MED 0, localpref 100, pref-val 0, valid, internal, best, select, pre 255
 Originator: 4.4.4.4
 Cluster list: 1.1.1.1
 Route Type: 5 (Ip Prefix Route)
 Ethernet Tag ID: 0, IP Prefix/Len: 182.1.1.0/24, ESI: 0000.0000.0000.0000.0000, GW IP Address: 0.0.0.0
 Not advertised to any peer yet
 
[Leaf1]

最后，查看leaf1的vpn1的路由表：

[Leaf1]dis ip routing-table vpn-instance vpn1 
Proto: Protocol        Pre: Preference
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib, T - to vpn-instance, B - black hole route
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Table : vpn1
         Destinations : 9        Routes : 9         

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost        Flags NextHop         Interface

     10.10.10.0/24  Direct  0    0             D   10.10.10.1      Vbdif200
     10.10.10.1/32  Direct  0    0             D   127.0.0.1       Vbdif200
   10.10.10.255/32  Direct  0    0             D   127.0.0.1       Vbdif200
     172.16.1.0/24  Direct  0    0             D   172.16.1.1      Vbdif100
     172.16.1.1/32  Direct  0    0             D   127.0.0.1       Vbdif100
   172.16.1.255/32  Direct  0    0             D   127.0.0.1       Vbdif100
      182.1.1.0/24  IBGP    255  0             RD  40.40.40.40     VXLAN
      182.1.1.1/32  IBGP    255  0             RD  40.40.40.40     VXLAN
255.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0             D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
[Leaf1]

去往BL1的182.1.1.0/24和182.1.1.1/32的路由已经出现在路由表，下一跳为vtep地址40.40.40.40,vxlan封装。

查看具体路由信息：

[Leaf1]dis ip routing-table vpn-instance vpn1 182.1.1.0 verbose 
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib, T - to vpn-instance, B - black hole route
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Table : vpn1
Summary Count : 1

Destination: 182.1.1.0/24        
     Protocol: IBGP               Process ID: 0              
   Preference: 255                      Cost: 0              
      NextHop: 40.40.40.40         Neighbour: 1.1.1.1
        State: Active Adv Relied         Age: 03h48m22s           
          Tag: 0                    Priority: low            
        Label: NULL                  QoSInfo: 0x0           
   IndirectID: 0x10000A2            Instance:                                 
 RelayNextHop: 0.0.0.0             Interface: VXLAN
     TunnelID: 0x0000000027f0000011 Flags: RD             
[Leaf1]

5.2.4 Type 2路由

在服务器之间还没有发送数据流的情况下，观察type2路由情况。

type2路由分三种：mac route, arp route, irb route。

leaf1发给spine1的mac路由抓包：

Border Gateway Protocol - UPDATE Message
    Marker: ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
    Length: 120
    Type: UPDATE Message (2)
    Withdrawn Routes Length: 0
    Total Path Attribute Length: 97
    Path attributes
        Path Attribute - ORIGIN: INCOMPLETE
            Flags: 0x40, Transitive, Well-known, Complete
            Type Code: ORIGIN (1)
            Length: 1
            Origin: INCOMPLETE (2)
        Path Attribute - AS_PATH: empty
            Flags: 0x40, Transitive, Well-known, Complete
            Type Code: AS_PATH (2)
            Length: 0
        Path Attribute - LOCAL_PREF: 100
            Flags: 0x40, Transitive, Well-known, Complete
            Type Code: LOCAL_PREF (5)
            Length: 4
            Local preference: 100
        Path Attribute - EXTENDED_COMMUNITIES
            Flags: 0xc0, Optional, Transitive, Complete
            Type Code: EXTENDED_COMMUNITIES (16)
            Length: 32
            Carried extended communities: (4 communities)
                Route Target: 100:10 [Transitive 2-Octet AS-Specific]
                Route Target: 200:10 [Transitive 2-Octet AS-Specific]
                Encapsulation: VXLAN Encapsulation [Transitive Opaque]
                MAC Mobility: Sticky MAC [Transitive EVPN]
        Path Attribute - MP_REACH_NLRI
            Flags: 0x90, Optional, Extended-Length, Non-transitive, Complete
            Type Code: MP_REACH_NLRI (14)
            Length: 44
            Address family identifier (AFI): Layer-2 VPN (25)
            Subsequent address family identifier (SAFI): EVPN (70)
            Next hop: 14141414
                IPv4 Address: 20.20.20.20
                [Expert Info (Error/Malformed): Unknown Next Hop length (4 bytes)]
            Number of Subnetwork points of attachment (SNPA): 0
            Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI)
                EVPN NLRI: MAC Advertisement Route
                    Route Type: MAC Advertisement Route (2)
                    Length: 33
                    Route Distinguisher: 0000001400000001 (20:1)
                    ESI: 00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00
                    Ethernet Tag ID: 0
                    MAC Address Length: 48
                    MAC Address: EquipTra_01:00:01 (00:01:00:01:00:01)
                    IP Address Length: 0
                    IP Address: NOT INCLUDED
                        [Expert Info (Note/Protocol): IP Address: NOT INCLUDED]
                    VNI: 8000

 这是一条mac route，发送的mac地址为启用了分布式网关的int vbdif 100端口的mac地址：

[Leaf1]dis int vbdif 100
Vbdif100 current state : UP (ifindex: 16)
Line protocol current state : UP 
Last line protocol up time : 2022-03-13 07:00:54
Description: 
Route Port,The Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500
Internet Address is 172.16.1.1/24
IP Sending Frames' Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2, Hardware address is 0001-0001-0001
Current system time: 2022-03-13 14:57:36
    Last 300 seconds input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
    Last 300 seconds output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
    Input: 0 packets, 0 bytes
    Output:0 packets, 0 bytes
    Last 300 seconds input utility rate:  --
    Last 300 seconds output utility rate: --

[Leaf1]dis curr int vbdif 100
#
interface Vbdif100
 ip binding vpn-instance vpn1
 ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0
 mac-address 0001-0001-0001
 vxlan anycast-gateway enable
 arp collect host enable
#

spine1发送给leaf1的mac route抓包：

Border Gateway Protocol - UPDATE Message
    Marker: ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
    Length: 134
    Type: UPDATE Message (2)
    Withdrawn Routes Length: 0
    Total Path Attribute Length: 111
    Path attributes
        Path Attribute - ORIGIN: INCOMPLETE
            Flags: 0x40, Transitive, Well-known, Complete
            Type Code: ORIGIN (1)
            Length: 1
            Origin: INCOMPLETE (2)
        Path Attribute - AS_PATH: empty
            Flags: 0x40, Transitive, Well-known, Complete
            Type Code: AS_PATH (2)
            Length: 0
        Path Attribute - LOCAL_PREF: 100
            Flags: 0x40, Transitive, Well-known, Complete
            Type Code: LOCAL_PREF (5)
            Length: 4
            Local preference: 100
        Path Attribute - ORIGINATOR_ID: 3.3.3.3 
            Flags: 0x80, Optional, Non-transitive, Complete
            Type Code: ORIGINATOR_ID (9)
            Length: 4
            Originator identifier: 3.3.3.3
        Path Attribute - CLUSTER_LIST: 1.1.1.1
            Flags: 0x80, Optional, Non-transitive, Complete
            Type Code: CLUSTER_LIST (10)
            Length: 4
            Cluster List: 1.1.1.1
        Path Attribute - EXTENDED_COMMUNITIES
            Flags: 0xc0, Optional, Transitive, Complete
            Type Code: EXTENDED_COMMUNITIES (16)
            Length: 32
            Carried extended communities: (4 communities)
                Route Target: 100:10 [Transitive 2-Octet AS-Specific]
                Route Target: 200:10 [Transitive 2-Octet AS-Specific]
                Encapsulation: VXLAN Encapsulation [Transitive Opaque]
                MAC Mobility: Sticky MAC [Transitive EVPN]
        Path Attribute - MP_REACH_NLRI
            Flags: 0x90, Optional, Extended-Length, Non-transitive, Complete
            Type Code: MP_REACH_NLRI (14)
            Length: 44
            Address family identifier (AFI): Layer-2 VPN (25)
            Subsequent address family identifier (SAFI): EVPN (70)
            Next hop: 1e1e1e1e
                IPv4 Address: 30.30.30.30
                [Expert Info (Error/Malformed): Unknown Next Hop length (4 bytes)]
            Number of Subnetwork points of attachment (SNPA): 0
            Network Layer Reachability Information (NLRI)
                EVPN NLRI: MAC Advertisement Route
                    Route Type: MAC Advertisement Route (2)
                    Length: 33
                    Route Distinguisher: 0000001e00000001 (30:1)
                    ESI: 00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:00
                    Ethernet Tag ID: 0
                    MAC Address Length: 48
                    MAC Address: EquipTra_01:00:01 (00:01:00:01:00:01)
                    IP Address Length: 0
                    IP Address: NOT INCLUDED
                        [Expert Info (Note/Protocol): IP Address: NOT INCLUDED]
                    VNI: 8000

在leaf1上查看bgp evpn 路由：

[Leaf1]dis bgp evpn all routing-table mac-route 
 Local AS number : 100

 BGP Local router ID is 2.2.2.2
 Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped, x - best external, a - add path,
               h - history,  i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
               Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete

  
 EVPN address family:
  Number of Mac Routes: 2
 Route Distinguisher: 20:1
       Network(EthTagId/MacAddrLen/MacAddr/IpAddrLen/IpAddr)  NextHop
 *>    0:48:0001-0001-0001:0:0.0.0.0                          0.0.0.0
 Route Distinguisher: 30:1
       Network(EthTagId/MacAddrLen/MacAddr/IpAddrLen/IpAddr)  NextHop
 *>i   0:48:0001-0001-0001:0:0.0.0.0                          30.30.30.30

   EVPN-Instance 100:
  
 Number of Mac Routes: 2
       Network(EthTagId/MacAddrLen/MacAddr/IpAddrLen/IpAddr)  NextHop
 *>    0:48:0001-0001-0001:0:0.0.0.0                          0.0.0.0
 * i                                                          30.30.30.30

leaf1和leaf2都由0001:0001:0001的mac route，本地优先。

可以具体查看0001:0001:0001的mac route明细进行比较：

[Leaf1]dis bgp evpn all routing-table mac-route 0:48:0001-0001-0001:0:0.0.0.0


 BGP local router ID : 2.2.2.2
 Local AS number : 100
 Total routes of Route Distinguisher(20:1): 1
 BGP routing table entry information of 0:48:0001-0001-0001:0:0.0.0.0:
 Imported route.
 Label information (Received/Applied): NULL/8000
 From: 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0) 
 Route Duration: 0d07h30m52s
 Direct Out-interface: Vbdif100 
 Original nexthop: 20.20.20.20
 Qos information : 0x0
 Ext-Community: RT <100 : 10>, RT <200 : 10>, Tunnel Type <VxLan>, Mac Mobility <flag:1 seq:0 res:0>
 AS-path Nil, origin incomplete, pref-val 0, valid, local, best, select, pre 255
 Route Type: 2 (MAC Advertisement Route)
 Ethernet Tag ID: 0, MAC Address/Len: 0001-0001-0001/48, IP Address/Len: 0.0.0.0/0, ESI:0000.0000.0000.0000.0000
 Advertised to such 1 peers:
    1.1.1.1

 Total routes of Route Distinguisher(30:1): 1
 BGP routing table entry information of 0:48:0001-0001-0001:0:0.0.0.0:
 Label information (Received/Applied): 8000/NULL
 From: 1.1.1.1 (1.1.1.1) 
 Route Duration: 0d06h20m26s
 Relay IP Nexthop: 192.168.12.1
 Relay Tunnel Out-Interface: VXLAN
 Original nexthop: 30.30.30.30
 Qos information : 0x0
 Ext-Community: RT <100 : 10>, RT <200 : 10>, Tunnel Type <VxLan>, Mac Mobility <flag:1 seq:0 res:0>
 AS-path Nil, origin incomplete, localpref 100, pref-val 0, valid, internal, best, select, pre 255, IGP cost 2
 Originator: 3.3.3.3
 Cluster list: 1.1.1.1
 Route Type: 2 (MAC Advertisement Route)
 Ethernet Tag ID: 0, MAC Address/Len: 0001-0001-0001/48, IP Address/Len: 0.0.0.0/0, ESI:0000.0000.0000.0000.0000
 Not advertised to any peer yet
 

   EVPN-Instance 100:
  
 Number of Mac Routes: 2
 BGP routing table entry information of 0:48:0001-0001-0001:0:0.0.0.0:
 Route Distinguisher: 20:1
 Imported route.
 Label information (Received/Applied): NULL/8000
 From: 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0) 
 Route Duration: 0d08h03m12s
 Direct Out-interface: Vbdif100 
 Original nexthop: 20.20.20.20
 Qos information : 0x0
 Ext-Community: Tunnel Type <VxLan>, Mac Mobility <flag:1 seq:0 res:0>
 AS-path Nil, origin incomplete, pref-val 0, valid, local, best, select, pre 255
 Route Type: 2 (MAC Advertisement Route)
 Ethernet Tag ID: 0, MAC Address/Len: 0001-0001-0001/48, IP Address/Len: 0.0.0.0/0, ESI:0000.0000.0000.0000.0000
 Not advertised to any peer yet
 
 BGP routing table entry information of 0:48:0001-0001-0001:0:0.0.0.0:
 Route Distinguisher: 30:1
 Remote-Cross route
 Label information (Received/Applied): 8000/NULL
 From: 1.1.1.1 (1.1.1.1) 
 Route Duration: 0d06h20m27s
 Relay Tunnel Out-Interface: VXLAN
 Original nexthop: 30.30.30.30
 Qos information : 0x0
 Ext-Community: RT <100 : 10>, RT <200 : 10>, Tunnel Type <VxLan>, Mac Mobility <flag:1 seq:0 res:0>
 AS-path Nil, origin incomplete, localpref 100, pref-val 0, valid, internal, pre 255, not preferred for route type
 Originator: 3.3.3.3
 Cluster list: 1.1.1.1
 Route Type: 2 (MAC Advertisement Route)
 Ethernet Tag ID: 0, MAC Address/Len: 0001-0001-0001/48, IP Address/Len: 0.0.0.0/0, ESI:0000.0000.0000.0000.0000
 Not advertised to any peer yet
 
[Leaf1]

这条mac route产生的原因是？通过上面的display信息，本机产生的mac route是由“imported route"产生的。

bridge-domain没有mac信息：

[Leaf1]dis mac-address bridge-domain 100 
Flags: * - Backup  
BD   : bridge-domain   Age : dynamic MAC learned time in seconds
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MAC Address    VLAN/VSI/BD   Learned-From        Type                Age
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total items: 0
[Leaf1]

(Part2继续结果验证，会做一些ping包，观察evpn/l3vpn路由变化情况）

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5）再查看MAC in UDP封装后的ICMP报文（上图），对比前面ARP报文，vxlan报文封装没变化，内部真实的ICMP报文目的MAC地址变成了VTEP1（CE1）的VBDIF10接口MAC。1）外层以太网报文头部，源MAC为VTEP（HF）的NVE接口MAC，目的MAC为下一跳设备（CE1的GE1/0/0）的接口MAC；2）外层IP报文头部，源IP为VTEP2（HF）的NVE隧道地址，目的IP为VTEP1（CE1）的NVE隧道地址；4.在VTEP1（CE1）上配置VXLAN三层网关。
VXLAN小实验：分布式VXLAN IP网关配置
衡水铁头哥的博客
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从前面两个实验我们已经知道：VXLAN可以为分散的物理站点提供二层互联。实验（1）演示了二层互通的网络环境，此时如果要为VXLAN站点内的虚拟机提供三层业务，则需要在网络中部署VXLAN IP网关，以便站点内的虚拟机通过VXLAN IP网关与外界网络或其他VXLAN网络内的虚拟机进行三层通信。将实验一中的一台虚拟机换成网关，就是部署在独立的物理设备上的场景，也称为独立VXLAN IP网关。 也可以部署在其中一台VTEP设备上，像实验二中那样配置，这种就属于集中式VXLAN IP网关。与独立的VXLAN I
ENSP静态vxlan配置案例
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网工必学
玩转华为ENSP模拟器系列 | 配置BGP EVPN
COCO_gsta的博客
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素材来源：华为路由器配置指南 一边学习一边整理试验笔记，并与大家分享，侵权即删，谢谢支持！ 附上汇总贴：玩转华为ENSP模拟器系列 | 合集_COCOgsta的博客-CSDN博客_ensp实验大全 目标 配置BGP的EVPN地址族以实现PE之间的EVPN前缀路由的传递 组网模型 配置思路 配置使能EVPN的基于IPv4的L3VPN实例。 配置静态路由使两台PE的Loopback地址互通。 两台PE间启用MPLS和MPLS LDP 创建一个BGP实例。 配置iBGP对等体。 配置基于IP
HCIE-Datacom：VxLAN分布式网关部署详解
然而，分布式网关的配置相对复杂，需要配置Evpn以实现不同VxLAN网段的互通。 Evpn路由在分布式网关中扮演着核心角色。Type3路由包含了多播信息，用于自动建立隧道并构建BUM（Broadcast, Unknown Multicast, and ...
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