1.XML配置里的Bean自动装配:
-spring IOC容器可以自动装配Bean,需要做的仅仅是在<bean> 的autowire属性里指定自动装配的模式。
-byType(根据类型自动装配):若IOC容器中有多个与目标Bean类型一致的Bean,在这种情况下,spring将无法判定哪个Bean最合适该属性,所以不能执行自动装配。
-byName(根据名称自动装配):必须将目标Bean的名称和属性名设置的完全相同。
-constructor(通过构造器自动装配):当bean中存在多个构造器时,此种自动装配方式将会很复杂。不推荐使用。
2.xml配置里Bean的自动的缺点:
-在Bean配置文件里设置autowire属性进行自动装配将会装配Bean的所有属性。然而,若只希望装配个别属性时,autowire属性就不够灵活了。
- autowire属性要么根据类型自动装配,要么根据名称自动装配,不能兼而有之。
-一般情况下,在实际的项目中很少使用自动装配功能,因为和自动装配功能所带来的好处比起来,明确清晰的配置文档更有说服力一些。
3.实例:
配置文件springAutowire.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"
default-autowire="byName" default-lazy-init="true">
<bean id="address" class="com.zd.runsharing.maven.springAutowire.Address"
p:city="北京" p:street="天安门街道">
</bean>
<bean id="car" class="com.zd.runsharing.maven.springAutowire.Car"
p:brand="宝马汽车" p:price="23000000">
</bean>
<!-- 正常的手动装配 -->
<bean id="Person" class="com.zd.runsharing.maven.springAutowire.autoPerson"
p:name="小红" p:address-ref="address" p:car-ref="car" >
</bean>
<!-- 自动装配 -->
<!-- 可以使用autowire属性指定自动装配的方式
byName:根据bean的名字和当前bean的setter风格的属性名进行自动装配,若有匹配的,则进行自动装配,若没有匹配的,则不装配
byType :根据bean的类型和当前bean的属性类型进行自动装配。若IOC容器中有一个以上类型匹配的bean,则抛异常! -->
<bean id="autoPerson" class="com.zd.runsharing.maven.springAutowire.autoPerson"
p:name="小红" autowire="byName" >
</bean>
</beans>
autoPerson类:
public class autoPerson {
private String name;
private Address address;
private Car car;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Address getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(Address address) {
this.address = address;
}
public Car getCar() {
return car;
}
public void setCar(Car car) {
this.car = car;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "autoPerson [name=" + name + ", address=" + address + ", car=" + car + "]";
}
}
Address类:
public class Address {
private String city;
private String street;
public String getCity() {
return city;
}
public void setCity(String city) {
this.city = city;
}
public String getStreet() {
return street;
}
public void setStreet(String street) {
this.street = street;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Address [city=" + city + ", street=" + street + "]";
}
}
Car类:
public class Car {
private String brand;
private double price;
public String getBrand() {
return brand;
}
public void setBrand(String brand) {
this.brand = brand;
}
public double getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(double price) {
this.price = price;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Car [brand=" + brand + ", price=" + price + "]";
}
}
主函数测试类:
public class AutowireMainTest {
public static void main(String [] args){
ApplicationContext atx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("springAutowire.xml");
/*正常的手动装配*/
autoPerson Person = (autoPerson) atx.getBean("Person");
System.out.println("正常的手动装配:"+ Person);
/*自动装配*/
autoPerson autoPerson = (autoPerson) atx.getBean("autoPerson");
System.out.println("自动装配:"+ autoPerson);
}
}
运行结果:
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