C++ 继承派生类的运算符重载

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于 2024-08-05 09:32:31 发布

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C++(二十二)派生类的运算符重载

C++ 派生类的运算符重载

赋值运算符函数不是构造器，所以可以继承，语法上就没有构造器那么严格。

语法

子类& 子类::operator=(const 子类& another)
{
    父类::operator =(another); // 调用父类的赋值运算符重载
    ...
}

赋值顺序

在这里插入图片描述

引例1:当子类,不自实现赋值运算符函数重载时,默认调用父类的赋值运算符函数


//todo 派生类运算符重载
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class A{
    public:
        int a;
        A(){
            cout << "A()" << endl;
        }
        A & operator=(const A& other){
            this->a=other.a;
            cout << "        A & operator=(const A& other)         "  << endl;
            return *this;
        }
};


class B: public A{
public:
    int b;
    B(){
        cout << "B()" << endl;
    }
};



int main() {
    B b;
    B bb;
    b=bb;

    return 0;
}

输出:
A()
B()
A()
B()
  A & operator=(const A& other)

引例2:子类自实现赋值运算符函数重载,不做特殊处理时,只会调用父类的赋值运算符函数.

//todo 派生类运算符重载
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class A{
public:
    int a;
    A(){
        cout << "A()" << endl;
    }
    A & operator=(const A& other){
        this->a=other.a;
        cout << "    A & operator=(const A& other)         "  << endl;
        return *this;
    }
};


class B: public A{
public:
    int b;
    B(){
        cout << "B()" << endl;
    }
    B & operator=(const B& other){
        this->b=other.b;
        cout << "    B & operator=(const A& other)         "  << endl;
        return *this;
    }

};



int main() {
    B b;
    B bb;
    b=bb;

    return 0;
}

A()
B()
A()
B()
    B & operator=(const A& other)

引例3:子类自实现赋值运算符函数重载,在函数体内调用父类的赋值运算符函数.

//todo 派生类运算符重载
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class A{
public:
    int a;
    A(int x){
        a=x;
        cout << "A()" << endl;
    }
    A & operator=(const A& other){
        if (this==&other){
            return *this;
        }
        this->a=other.a;

        cout << "    A & operator=(const A& other)         "  << endl;
        return *this;
    }
};


class B: public A{
public:
    int b;
    B(int x, int y):A(x){
        b=y;
        cout << "B()" << endl;
    }
    B & operator=(const B& other){
        if (this==&other){
          return *this;
        }
        //显示调用基类的赋值运算符
        A::operator=(other);
        this->b=other.b;
        cout << "    B & operator=(const A& other)         "  << endl;
        return *this;
    }

};



int main() {
    B b(1,2);
    B bb(3,4);
    b=bb;
    cout << b.a << " " << b.b << endl;
    return 0;
}

输出:
A()
B()
A()
B()
    A & operator=(const A& other)
    B & operator=(const A& other)
3 4

内嵌函数的赋值运算符函数

//todo 派生类运算符重载
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class C{
    public:
        int c;
        C(int x){
            c=x;
            cout << "C()" << endl;
        }
    C & operator=(const C& other){
        if (this==&other){
            return *this;
        }
        this->c=other.c;
        cout << "    C & operator=(const C& other)         "  << endl;
        return *this;
    }

};


class A{
public:
    int a;
    A(int x){
        a=x;
        cout << "A()" << endl;
    }
    A & operator=(const A& other){
        if (this==&other){
            return *this;
        }
        this->a=other.a;
        cout << "    A & operator=(const A& other)         "  << endl;
        return *this;
    }
};


class B: public A{
public:
    C c;
    int b;
    B(int x, int y , int z):A(x),c(z){
        b=y;
        cout << "B()" << endl;
    }
    B & operator=(const B& other){
        if (this==&other){
            return *this;
        }
        //显示调用内嵌函数
        c=other.c;
        //显示调用基类的赋值运算符
        A::operator=(other);//赋值兼容:
        this->b=other.b;
        cout << "    B & operator=(const A& other)         "  << endl;
        return *this;
    }

};



int main() {
    B b(1,2,99);
    B bb(3,4,77);
    b=bb;
    cout << b.a << " " << b.b <<  " " << b.c.c <<endl;
    return 0;
}

输出:
A()
C()
B()
A()
C()
B()
    C & operator=(const C& other)
    A & operator=(const A& other)
    B & operator=(const A& other)
3 4 77

案例

# include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Birthday{
private:
    int year_;
    int month_;
    int day_;


public:
    Birthday(int year=0, int month=0, int day=0): year_(year), month_(month), day_(day){}
    Birthday(const Birthday& other){
        cout<<" Birthday (const Birthday& other)"<<endl;
        this->year_ = other.year_;
        this->month_ = other.month_;
        this->day_ = other.day_;
    }
    Birthday & operator=(const Birthday& other){
        if (this==&other){
            return *this;
        }
        this->year_ = other.year_;
        this->month_ = other.month_;
        this->day_ = other.day_;
        cout << "    Birthday & operator=(const Birthday& other)         "  << endl;
        return *this;
    }


    void Birthdayprint(){
        cout <<"Birthday:"<< year_ << "/" << month_ << "/" << day_ << endl;
    }
};

class Student{
private:

    string name_;
    char sex_;
    float score_;
    Birthday birthday_;
public:
    Student(string name, char sex, float score , int year, int month, int day): name_(name), sex_(sex), score_(score),birthday_(year, month, day){}
    Student(const Student& other):birthday_(other.birthday_){
        cout<<" Student (const Student& other)"<<endl;
        this->name_ = other.name_;
        this->sex_ = other.sex_;
        this->score_ = other.score_;
    }
    Student & operator=(const Student& other){
        if (this==&other){
            return *this;
        }
        this->name_ = other.name_;
        this->sex_ = other.sex_;
        this->score_ = other.score_;
        //显示调用基类的赋值运算符函数
        this->birthday_ = other.birthday_;
        cout << "    Student & operator=(const Student& other)         "  << endl;

        return *this;
    }

    void print(){
        birthday_.Birthdayprint();
        cout << "Name: " << name_ << endl;
        cout << "Sex: " << sex_ << endl;
        cout << "Score: " << score_ << endl;
    }
};


class Graduate: public Student{
private:
    float salary_;
public:
    Graduate(string name, char sex, float score, float salary, int year, int month, int day):Student(name, sex, score, year,  month,  day), salary_(salary){}

    Graduate(const Graduate& other):Student(other){
        cout<<" Graduate (const Graduate& other)"<<endl;
        this->salary_ = other.salary_;
    }
    Graduate & operator=(const Graduate& other){
        if (this==&other){
            return *this;
        }
        //显示调用基类的赋值运算符函数
        Student::operator=(other);

        this->salary_ = other.salary_;
        cout << "    Graduate & operator=(const Graduate& other)         "  << endl;
        return *this;
    }
    void pri(){
        print();
        cout << "Salary: " << salary_ << endl;
    }
};

class Doctor: public Graduate{
private:
    string title_;
public:
    Doctor(string name, char sex, float score, float salary, int year, int month, int day, string title): Graduate(name, sex, score, salary, year, month, day), title_(title){}
    Doctor(const Doctor& other):Graduate(other){
        cout << " Doctor (const Doctor& other)" << endl;
        this->title_ = other.title_;
    }
    Doctor & operator=(const Doctor& other){
        if (this==&other){
            return *this;
        }
        //显示调用基类的赋值运算符函数
        Graduate::operator=(other);

        this->title_ = other.title_;
        cout << "    Doctor & operator=(const Doctor& other)         "  << endl;
        return *this;
    }




    void Dpri(){
        pri();
        cout << "Title: " << title_ << endl;
    }
};


int main(){

    Graduate g("Alice", 'F', 95.5, 5000 , 2000, 1, 1);
    g.pri();
    cout <<"==============="<< endl;
    Doctor d("Bob", 'M', 85.0, 4000, 2111, 1, 1, "Doctor");
    d.Dpri();

    cout <<"==============="<< endl;


    Doctor d2(d);
    d2.Dpri();
    cout <<"#####################"<< endl;

    Doctor n1("Bob", 'M', 85.0, 9900, 666, 6, 6, "Doctor");
    Doctor n2("sadsdw", 'G', 1111.0, 4000, 77, 7, 7, "7777");

    n2=n1;
    n2.Dpri();

    return 0;
}

输出:

Birthday:2000/1/1
Name: Alice
Sex: F
Score: 95.5
Salary: 5000
===============
Birthday:2111/1/1
Name: Bob
Sex: M
Score: 85
Salary: 4000
Title: Doctor
===============
 Birthday (const Birthday& other)
 Student (const Student& other)
 Graduate (const Graduate& other)
 Doctor (const Doctor& other)
Birthday:2111/1/1
Name: Bob
Sex: M
Score: 85
Salary: 4000
Title: Doctor
#####################
    Birthday & operator=(const Birthday& other)
    Student & operator=(const Student& other)
    Graduate & operator=(const Graduate& other)
    Doctor & operator=(const Doctor& other)
Birthday:666/6/6
Name: Bob
Sex: M
Score: 85
Salary: 9900
Title: Doctor