多线程编程

进程VS线程VS多线程

多线程编程

• 继承Thread类

• 实现Runnable接口

继承Thread类

// mythread.java
public class Mythread extends Thread{
    @Override
    public void run(){
        System.out.println("My thread");
    }
}

// run.java
public class Run {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Mythread mythread = new Mythread();
        mythread.start();
        System.out.println("End");
    }
}

代码运行结果与代码的执行顺序或调用顺序无关（线程的随机性）
线程随机性

// mythread.java
public class Mythread extends Thread{
    @Override
    public void run(){
        try {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++){
                int time = (int) (Math.random()*1000);
                Thread.sleep(time);
                System.out.println("Mythread run=" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

// run.java
public class Run {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Mythread mythread = new Mythread();
        mythread.setName("Mythread");
        mythread.start();
        try {
            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++){
                int time = (int) (Math.random()*1000);
                Thread.sleep(time);
                System.out.println("Main run=" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

此处myThread.start()替换为myThread.run()的区别在于start()和main的线程为异步，换成run()后为同步，需要等到main的线程来调用，即等run()方法中的代码执行完后才可以执行后面的代码。
执行start()方法的顺序不代表线程启动的顺序，代码如下：

// mythread.java
public class Mythread extends Thread{
    private int i;
    public Mythread(int i) {
        super();
        this.i = i;
    }
    @Override
    public void run(){
        System.out.println(i);
    }
}

// run.java
public class Run {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Mythread mt1 = new Mythread(1);
        Mythread mt2 = new Mythread(2);
        Mythread mt3 = new Mythread(3);
        Mythread mt4 = new Mythread(4);
        Mythread mt5 = new Mythread(5);
        Mythread mt6 = new Mythread(6);
        Mythread mt7 = new Mythread(7);
        Mythread mt8 = new Mythread(8);
        Mythread mt9 = new Mythread(9);
        Mythread mt10 = new Mythread(10);
        mt1.start();
        mt2.start();
        mt3.start();
        mt4.start();
        mt5.start();
        mt6.start();
        mt7.start();
        mt8.start();
        mt9.start();
        mt10.start();
    }
}

实现Runnable接口

// myRunnable.java
public class MyRunnable implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("Run");
    }
}

// run.java
public class Run {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Runnable runnable = new MyRunnable();
        Thread thread = new Thread(runnable);
        thread.start();
        System.out.println("Run end");
    }
}

实例变量与线程安全

线程不同享

多个线程分别处理自己对应的count

// mythread.java
public class Mythread extends Thread{
    private int count = 5;
    public Mythread(String name) {
        super();
        this.setName(name);
    }
    @Override
    public void run(){
        super.run();
        while (count > 0){
            count--;
            System.out.println(" 由 " + currentThread().getName() + " 计算, count=" + count);
        }
    }
}

// run.java
public class Run {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Mythread a = new Mythread("A");
        Mythread b = new Mythread("B");
        Mythread c = new Mythread("C");
        a.start();
        b.start();
        c.start();
    }
}

运行结果：

 由 A 计算, count=4
 由 B 计算, count=4
 由 C 计算, count=4
 由 B 计算, count=3
 由 B 计算, count=2
 由 B 计算, count=1
 由 B 计算, count=0
 由 A 计算, count=3
 由 C 计算, count=3
 由 C 计算, count=2
 由 C 计算, count=1
 由 C 计算, count=0
 由 A 计算, count=2
 由 A 计算, count=1
 由 A 计算, count=0

线程共享

多个线程共同处理一个count

// mythread.java
public class Mythread extends Thread{
    private int count = 5;
    @Override
    public void run(){
        super.run();
        count--;
        System.out.println(" 由 " + currentThread().getName() + " 计算, count=" + count);
    }
}

// run.java
public class Run {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Mythread mythread = new Mythread();
        Thread a = new Thread(mythread,"A");
        Thread b = new Thread(mythread,"B");
        Thread c = new Thread(mythread,"C");
        Thread d = new Thread(mythread,"D");
        Thread e = new Thread(mythread,"E");
        a.start();
        b.start();
        c.start();
        d.start();
        e.start();
    }
}

运行结果：

 由 A 计算, count=3
 由 E 计算, count=1
 由 C 计算, count=2
 由 B 计算, count=3
 由 D 计算, count=0

结果产生非线程安全问题。
某些JVM中，i–操作为3步：

1. 取原有i值。

2. 计算i-1。

3. 对i进行赋值。

加synchronized改为线程安全：

// mythread.java
public class Mythread extends Thread{
    private int count = 5;
    @Override
    synchronized public void run(){
        super.run();
        count--;
        System.out.println(" 由 " + currentThread().getName() + " 计算, count=" + count);
    }
}

// run.java
public class Run {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Mythread mythread = new Mythread();
        Thread a = new Thread(mythread,"A");
        Thread b = new Thread(mythread,"B");
        Thread c = new Thread(mythread,"C");
        Thread d = new Thread(mythread,"D");
        Thread e = new Thread(mythread,"E");
        a.start();
        b.start();
        c.start();
        d.start();
        e.start();
    }
}

运行结果：

 由 A 计算, count=4
 由 C 计算, count=3
 由 E 计算, count=2
 由 D 计算, count=1
 由 B 计算, count=0

另一个非线程安全的例子，解决方法加synchronized关键字

// loginServlet.java 模拟servlet组件
public class LoginServlet {
    private static String usernameRef;
    private static String passwordRef;
    public static void doPost(String username, String password){
        try{
            usernameRef = username;
            if(username.equals("a")){
                Thread.sleep(5000);
            }
            passwordRef = password;
            System.out.println("username=" + usernameRef + " password=" + password);
        } catch (InterruptedException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

// alogin.java
public class ALogin extends Thread{
    @Override
    public void run(){
        LoginServlet.doPost("a","aa");
    }
}

// blogin.java
public class BLogin extends Thread{
    @Override
    public void run(){
        LoginServlet.doPost("b","bb");
    }
}
// run.java
public class Run {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ALogin a = new ALogin();
        a.start();
        BLogin b = new BLogin();
        b.start();
    }
}

运行结果：

username=b password=bb
username=b password=aa

加synchronized关键字后：

synchronized public static void doPost(String username, String password){
        try{
            usernameRef = username;
            if(username.equals("a")){
                Thread.sleep(5000);
            }
            passwordRef = password;
            System.out.println("username=" + usernameRef + " password=" + password);
        } catch (InterruptedException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

运行结果：

username=a password=aa
username=b password=bb