Java学习笔记15常用类_20200601

第15章 常用类

15.01 练习

（见上一章 最后一项）

15.02 Object类

java中的所有类都直接或间接的继承于Object类，自动的拥有Object类的所有方法。

Ctrl + Shift + T --> Open Type




Ctrl+ o ,找到toString

baidu
java se api中文版

https://tool.oschina.net/apidocs/apidoc?api=jdk-zh
https://tool.oschina.net/apidocs/apidoc?api=jdk-zh

toString方法用于对象的内容格式化为一个字符串

Alt+Shift+S -->构造器 选择

例一：

class Animal{
	private String name;
	private int age;
	public Animal(String name, int age) {
		super();
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
	}
}

public class Day1301 {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Animal a1 = new Animal("pet",1);
		String str = a1.toString();
		System.out.println(str);  //Animal@1db9742
	}
}

例二：为了输出对象的内容，需要重写Object类的toString方法。
Alt +Shift+S --> Geneate toString

class Animal{
	private String name;
	private int age;
	public Animal(String name, int age) {
		super();
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
	}
	
	//重写toString方法
	@Override
	public String toString() {  //这个toString就会覆盖Object的toString, 因为此处已经被重写了。
		return "Animal [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
	}
	
}

public class Day1301 {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Animal a1 = new Animal("pet",1);
		String str = a1.toString();
		System.out.println(str);  //Animal@1db9742
	}
}

//----------------------------
//result:
//Animal [name=pet, age=1]

tips:
system.out.println

（println是一个实例方法）

System.out.println();
out是一个对象，它所属的类是PrintStream
out后面跟了一个println,说明后面是一个方法，println是一个实例方法

PrintStream也是一个类，按CTRL点进去

这两种方法是等效的。

15.02.01 equals方法

例一：equals方法用于比较两个对象是否相等。

class Client{
	private int id;

	public Client(int id) {
		super();
		this.id = id;
	}
	
}
public class Day1302 {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Client c1 = new Client(25);
		Client c2 = new Client(25);
		Client c3 = c1;
		System.out.println(c1 == c2);// false
		System.out.println(c1 == c3);//true
		
		//Object类的equals方法和==相同
		System.out.println(c1.equals(c2));//false
		System.out.println(c1.equals(c3));//true
		
	}
}

例二：
Object类的equals方法是使用==比较两个对象是否相等，也就是说比较两个对象的引用。

需要重写equals方法来比较对象的内容。

class Client{
	private int id;

	public Client(int id) {
		super();
		this.id = id;
	}
	
	//重写Object类的equals方法
	public boolean equals(Client c){
		return this.id == c.id;
	}
	
}
public class Day1302 {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Client c1 = new Client(25);
		Client c2 = new Client(25);
		Client c3 = c1;
		System.out.println(c1 == c2);// false
		System.out.println(c1 == c3);//true
		
		//Object类的equals方法和==相同
		System.out.println(c1.equals(c2));//true
		System.out.println(c1.equals(c3));//true
		
	}
}

例三

class Client{
	private int id;
	private String name;
	private int age;
	

	public Client(int id) {
		super();
		this.id = id;
	}


	@Override
	public int hashCode() {
		final int prime = 31;
		int result = 1;
		result = prime * result + age;
		result = prime * result + id;
		result = prime * result + ((name == null) ? 0 : name.hashCode());
		return result;
	}


	@Override
	public boolean equals(Object obj) {
		if (this == obj)
			return true;
		if (obj == null)
			return false;
		if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
			return false;
		Client other = (Client) obj;
		if (age != other.age)
			return false;
		if (id != other.id)
			return false;
		if (name == null) {
			if (other.name != null)
				return false;
		} else if (!name.equals(other.name))
			return false;
		return true;
	}
	
}
	
	//重写Object类的equals方法

//这样写还是有问题，会造成空指针异常NullPointerException	
//	public boolean equals(Client c){
//		return (this.id == c.id) && (this.name.equals(c.name)) && this.age == c.age;		
//	}	
		

public class Day1302 {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
//		Client c = null;
//		c.toString();//NullPointerException,在一个null对象上调用方法
		
		Client c1 = new Client(25);
		Client c2 = new Client(25);
		Client c3 = c1;
		System.out.println(c1 == c2);// false
		System.out.println(c1 == c3);//true
		
		//Object类的equals方法和==相同
		System.out.println(c1.equals(c2));//true
		System.out.println(c1.equals(c3));//true
		
	}
}