引自:http://blog.csdn.net/alivetime/article/details/6166252#
在java 1.5的release notes里面可以看到这样一句话:
- The compiler in the server VM now provides correct stack backtraces for all "cold" built-in exceptions. For performance purposes, when such an exception is thrown a few times, the method may be recompiled. After recompilation, the compiler may choose a faster tactic using preallocated exceptions that do not provide a stack trace. To disable completely the use of preallocated exceptions, use this new flag: -XX:-OmitStackTraceInFastThrow.
大体的意思就是对于cold build-in exception jvm都会throw 没有stacktrace的exception。从1.5开始提供了一个开关关闭此功能
演示代码如下:
- /**
- * haitao-yao@Jan 27, 2011
- */
- public class TestCompile {
- private static final int count = 1000000;
- /**
- * @param args
- */
- public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
- int index = count;
- while(index -- > 0){
- try {
- work();
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- private static void work(){
- String value = null;
- value.length();
- }
- }
编译后使用java -server -XX:-OmitStackTraceInFastThrow TestCompile 运行,发现一直都是类似
- java.lang.NullPointerException
- at TestCompile.work(TestCompile.java:25)
- at TestCompile.main(TestCompile.java:17)
的stacktrace。
换成java -server -XX:+OmitStackTraceInFastThrow TestCompile 运行一段时间后就会出现
- java.lang.NullPointerException
- java.lang.NullPointerException
- java.lang.NullPointerException
- java.lang.NullPointerException
- java.lang.NullPointerException
- java.lang.NullPointerException
- java.lang.NullPointerException
- java.lang.NullPointerException
- java.lang.NullPointerException
这样的exception,说明stacktrace 该优化已经起作用。-XX:+OmitStackTraceInFastThrow选项在-server情况下默认开启。
这就不难解释为何经常在系统日志中看到很多行的java.lang.NullPointerException 苦于找不到stacktrace而不知道错误出在何处。
遇到这种情况,解决的方法也很简单:既然在一段时间后jvm才会进行重新编译优化,那么该错误在刚开始出现的时候还是会有stacktrace的。所以向前搜索日志,或者将程序重启,观察刚重启时候的log便可以找到错误的stacktrace
最后注意的是,上述优化是针对all "cold" built-in exceptions ,不仅仅是NullPointerException
好,祝大家玩儿的愉快。
Reference:
1. java 1.5 release notes: http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/relnotes.html#hotspot
2. jvm debugging options: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/tech/vmoptions-jsp-140102.html#DebuggingOptions