After you allocate an object, you must initialize it. Initialization sets the instance variables of an object to reasonable initial values. It can also allocate and prepare other global resources needed by the object. You initialize an object by invoking an init method or some other method whose name begins with init. These initializer methods often have one or more parameters that enable you to specify beginning values of an object’s instance variables. If these methods succeed in initializing an object, they return it; otherwise, they return nil. If an object’s class does not implement an initializer, the Objective-C runtime invokes the initializer of the nearest ancestor instead.
意思是:建立对象需要两个步骤1分配内存 2初始化
1分配内存,要sent alloc or allocWithZone: message to the object’s class. 也就是常见的[Class alloc].或是不常见的[Class allocWithZone]
2初始化.要调用init的方法进行初始化,各种各样的要或不要参数的init方法都算.
以上建立对象的方式,返回值要送进 对象自动管理池
IOS面试题示例:写一个NSString类的实现
+(id)initWithCString:(const char *)nullTerminatedCString encoding:(NSStringEncoding)encoding;
+(id)stringWithCString: (const char*)nullTerminatedCString encoding: (NSStringEncoding)encoding
{
NSString *obj;
obj = [self allocWithZone: NSDefaultMallocZone()];
obj = [obj initWithCString: nullTerminatedCString encoding: encoding];
return AUTORELEASE(obj);
}
The Form of an Object-Creation Expression
A convention in Cocoa programming is to nest the allocation call inside the initialization call.
MyCustomClass *myObject = [[MyCustomClass alloc] init];
便利函数:就是工厂方法,不需使用者管理.
+ (id)dataWithContentsOfURL:(NSURL *)url;