SQL如何实现多个ifelse效果

SQL中IF表达式

基本用法

if(expr1,expr2,expr3)

表达式expr1若是值为true,返回值是expr2;
表达式expr2若是值为false,返回值expr3;

案例说明

SELECT 
    stu_no, IF(score_prize >= 60, 'T', 'F') score_status
FROM
    score;

IFNULL

基本用法

ifnull(expr1,expr2)

在expr1表达式值不为null情况下都返回expr1，否则返回expr2

案例说明

select ifnull(stu_name,'null') from student ;

case when使用

简单CASE WHEN函数只能应对一些简单的业务场景，而CASE WHEN条件表达式的写法则更加灵活。

基本用法

CASE WHEN condition THEN result
 
[WHEN...THEN...]
 
ELSE result
 
END

condition是一个返回布尔类型的表达式，如果表达式返回true，则整个函数返回相应result的值，如果表达式皆为false，则返回ElSE后result的值，如果省略了ELSE子句，则返回NULL。

案例说明

场景1

有分数score，score<60返回不及格，score>=60返回及格，score>=80返回优秀

SELECT
    STUDENT_NAME,
    (CASE WHEN score < 60 THEN '不及格'
        WHEN score >= 60 AND score < 80 THEN '及格'
        WHEN score >= 80 THEN '优秀'
        ELSE '异常' END) AS REMARK
FROM
    TABLE

注意：如果你想判断score是否null的情况，WHEN score = null THEN ‘缺席考试’，这是一种错误的写法，正确的写法应为：
CASE WHEN score IS NULL THEN ‘缺席考试’ ELSE ‘正常’ END

场景2

SELECT 
    E_CODE,
    SUM(CASE WHEN E_TYPE = 0 THEN E_VALUE ELSE 0 END) AS WATER_ENERGY,--水耗
    SUM(CASE WHEN E_TYPE = 1 THEN E_VALUE ELSE 0 END) AS ELE_ENERGY,--电耗
    SUM(CASE WHEN E_TYPE = 2 THEN E_VALUE ELSE 0 END) AS HEAT_ENERGY--热耗
FROM 
    THTF_ENERGY_TEST
GROUP BY
    E_CODE

场景3

SELECT 
    SUM (CASE WHEN STU_SEX = 0 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS MALE_COUNT,
    SUM (CASE WHEN STU_SEX = 1 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS FEMALE_COUNT,
    SUM (CASE WHEN STU_SCORE >= 60 AND STU_SEX = 0 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS MALE_PASS,
    SUM (CASE WHEN STU_SCORE >= 60 AND STU_SEX = 1 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS FEMALE_PASS
FROM 
    THTF_STUDENTS

场景4

CASE WHEN energy <= (SELECT P_LIMIT FROM TABLE_PRICE WHERE P_LEVEL = 0) THEN (SELECT P_PRICE FROM TABLE_PRICE WHERE P_LEVEL = 0)
    WHEN energy > (SELECT P_LIMIT FROM TABLE_PRICE WHERE P_LEVEL = 0) AND energy <= (SELECT P_LIMIT FROM TABLE_PRICE WHERE P_LEVEL = 1) THEN (SELECT P_PRICE FROM TABLE_PRICE WHERE P_LEVEL = 1)
    WHEN energy > (SELECT P_LIMIT FROM TABLE_PRICE WHERE P_LEVEL = 1) AND energy <= (SELECT P_LIMIT FROM TABLE_PRICE WHERE P_LEVEL = 2) THEN (SELECT P_PRICE FROM TABLE_PRICE WHERE P_LEVEL = 2)

博客来源

sql中的if和else

SQL利用Case When Then Else End 多条件判断