LeetCode470. Implement Rand10() Using Rand7()

470. Implement Rand10() Using Rand7()

Given a function rand7 which generates a uniform random integer in the range 1 to 7, write a function rand10 which generates a uniform random integer in the range 1 to 10.

Do NOT use system’s Math.random().

Example 1:

Input: 1
Output: [7]

Example 2:

Input: 2
Output: [8,4]

Example 3:

Input: 3
Output: [8,1,10]

Note:

1. rand7 is predefined.
2. Each testcase has one argument: n, the number of times that rand10 is called.

Follow up:

1. What is the expected value for the number of calls to rand7() function?
2. Could you minimize the number of calls to rand7()?

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题目：由均匀分布rand7实现均匀分布rand10。

思路：首先利用rand7等概率生成1-49的数，如果生成的数num小于等于40，则取余10加1，可等概率生成1-10的数，否则重新生成num。

工程代码下载

// The rand7() API is already defined for you.
// int rand7();
// @return a random integer in the range 1 to 7

class Solution {
public:
    int rand10() {
        int num = (rand7()-1)*7 + rand7();
        if(num <= 40)
            return num % 10 + 1;
        else
            return rand10();
    }
};