依赖于Lock的Condition

Object对象存在一组监视器方法，如wait,notify,与synchronized关键字配合可以组建等待\通知模式。相应的, Condition接口配合Lock，也可以实现等待\通知模式， Condition对象的创建依赖于Lock(lock.newCondition())

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使用示例

伪代码
void conditionAwait(){
	lock.lock()
	try{
	    //释放锁，进入到等待队列中
	    //等待被signal唤醒或者被中断
	    //能够返回说明已经再次获取到锁
		condition.await()
    }finally{
    	lock.unlock()
    }
}
.........................
void conditionSignal(){
	lock.lock()
	try{
	    //发出唤醒等待队列首节点(等待时间最长)的通知
		condition.signal()
	}finally{
		lock.unlock()
	}
}

await和signal的逻辑

        public final void await() throws InterruptedException {
            if (Thread.interrupted())
                throw new InterruptedException();
            //将线程加入到等待队列末尾
            Node node = addConditionWaiter();
            //释放线程上的锁（释放同步态)
            int savedState = fullyRelease(node);
            int interruptMode = 0;
            //1. 刚释放锁，node已经在等待队列的末尾了，这里肯定不在同步队列
            //进入while循环，第一行，就park阻塞住
            //2. 被另一个线程执行signal被唤醒，park返回，继续while条件判断
            // 由于signal时会将等待队列的第一个节点加入到同步队列的末尾，所以while
            //条件不满足，往下走
            while (!isOnSyncQueue(node)) {
                LockSupport.park(this);
                if ((interruptMode = checkInterruptWhileWaiting(node)) != 0)
                    break;
            }
            //成功获取到锁,acquireQueue才会返回,否则阻塞住
            if (acquireQueued(node, savedState) && interruptMode != THROW_IE)
                interruptMode = REINTERRUPT;
            if (node.nextWaiter != null) // clean up if cancelled
                unlinkCancelledWaiters();
            if (interruptMode != 0)
                reportInterruptAfterWait(interruptMode);
        }
 ........................................................................

public final void signal() {
            if (!isHeldExclusively())
                throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
            Node first = firstWaiter;
            //对等待队列的第一个节点执行signal唤醒
            if (first != null)
                doSignal(first);
        }

//将等待队列的首节点加入到同步队列的末尾
//可能CAS失败，这里死循环直至成功
private void doSignal(Node first) {
            do {
                if ( (firstWaiter = first.nextWaiter) == null)
                    lastWaiter = null;
                first.nextWaiter = null;
            } while (!transferForSignal(first) &&
                     (first = firstWaiter) != null);
        }

//将节点加入到同步队列末尾
final boolean transferForSignal(Node node) {
        /*
         * If cannot change waitStatus, the node has been cancelled. 
         * 将节点置为初始态0      
         */
        if (!compareAndSetWaitStatus(node, Node.CONDITION, 0))
            return false;

        /*
         * Splice onto queue and try to set waitStatus of predecessor to
         * indicate that thread is (probably) waiting. If cancelled or
         * attempt to set waitStatus fails, wake up to resync (in which
         * case the waitStatus can be transiently and harmlessly wrong).
         * 加入到同步队列末尾
         */
        Node p = enq(node);
        int ws = p.waitStatus;
        if (ws > 0 || !compareAndSetWaitStatus(p, ws, Node.SIGNAL))
            LockSupport.unpark(node.thread);
        return true;
    }        

await方法示意图

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signal方法示意图

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一个Lock拥有一个同步队列和多个等待队列

参考

• 并发编程的艺术