Scrapy（1）Scrapy工程创建和目录了解

Scrapy工程创建

安装

pip install scrapy

使用

创建项目

scrapy startproject scrapyName

生成爬虫

cd scrapyName

scrapy genspider spiderName "www.spiderWeb.com"

运行

scrapy crawl spiderName

Scrapy文件含义

1. scrapy.cfg ：项目的配置文件

2. scrapyName/ ：项目的Python模块，将会从这里引用代码

3. scrapyName/items.py ：项目的目标文件

4. scrapyName/pipelines.py ：项目的管道文件

5. scrapyName/settings.py ：项目的设置文件

6. scrapyName/spiders/ ：存储爬虫代码目录

scrapy.cfg

scrapyName/items.py

scrapyName/pipelines.py

scrapyName/setting.py

# Scrapy settings for spiderName project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#     https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

BOT_NAME = 'spiderName' # 项目名称

SPIDER_MODULES = ['spiderName.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'spiderName.spiders'


# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'spiderName (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'

# Obey robots.txt rules
""" 是否遵循robot协议"""
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True  

# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
""" 最大并发 """
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32   # 最大并发

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
""" 下载延迟 """
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3 

# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

# Override the default request headers:
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
#   'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
#   'Accept-Language': 'en',
#}

# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
""" 爬虫中间件 """
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'spiderName.middlewares.scrapyNameSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
""" 下载中间件 """
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'spiderName.middlewares.scrapyNameDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#}

# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}

# Configure item pipelines
""" 管道 """
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
#ITEM_PIPELINES = {
#    'spiderName.pipelines.scrapyNamePipeline': 300,
#}

# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'