动态绑定（也叫多态或迟绑定）

◈ 动态绑定是指“在执行期间(而非编译期间)”判断所引用对象的实际类型，根据其实际的类型调用其相应的方法。
◈ 多态的存在有三个必要的条件
     1. 要有继承
     2. 要有重写
     3. 父类引用指向子类对象
(满足以上三个条件后，当你调用父类里面被重写的方法的时候，实际当中new的是哪个子类对象，就调用该子类对象的方法)
◈ 下面列子中，根据Lady 对象的成员变量 pet 所引用的不同的实际类型而调用相应的 enjoy 方法.

class Animal { private String name; Animal(String name) {this.name = name;} public void enjoy(){ System.out.println("叫声......"); } } class Cat extends Animal { private String eyesColor; Cat(String n,String c) {super(n); eyesColor = c;} public void enjoy() { System.out.println("猫叫声......"); } } class Dog extends Animal { private String furColor; Dog(String n,String c) {super(n); furColor = c;} public void enjoy() { System.out.println("狗叫声......"); } } class Bird extends Animal { Bird() { super("bird"); } public void enjoy() { System.out.println("鸟叫声......"); } } class Lady { private String name; private Animal pet; Lady(String name,Animal pet) { this.name = name; this.pet = pet; } public void myPetEnjoy(){pet.enjoy();} } public class Test { public static void main(String args[]){ Cat c = new Cat("catname","blue"); Dog d = new Dog("dogname","black"); Bird b = new Bird(); Lady l1 = new Lady("l1",c); Lady l2 = new Lady("l2",d); Lady l3 = new Lady("l3",b); l1.myPetEnjoy(); l2.myPetEnjoy(); l3.myPetEnjoy(); } }