Python学习DAY10

1.基本文件的写入：创建文件对象，写入数据，关闭文件
2.用writelines()输入时想要换行需要自行添加换行符

3.finally异常机制确保文件一定会被关闭

try:
    f = open(r"a.txt","a")
    s=" i love python"
    f.write(s)
except BaseException as e:
    print (e)
finally:
    f.close()

4.with可以自动关闭现场，用的最多

with open(r"b.txt","w") as f:
    f.writelines(" i love python")

5.文件读取

使用迭代器（每次返回一行）读取文本文件
with open(r"a.txt","r") as f:
    for a in f:
        print (a,end=" ")

6.enumerate(）与推导式

with open(r"b.txt","r",encoding="utf-8") as f:
    lines=f.readlines()
    #推导式生成列表
    lines=[line.rstrip() + "#" + str(index+1) for index, line in enumerate(lines)]

with open("b.txt","w",encoding="utf-8") as f:
    f.writelines(lines)

7.二进制文件

8.测试seek(),tell()

with open(r"b.txt","r",encoding="utf-8") as f:
    print("文件名：{0}".format(f.name))
    print(f.tell())
    print("读取的内容：{0}".format(str(f.readline())))
    print(f.tell())
    print("读取的内容：{0}".format(str(f.readline())))
    #偏移3个字符
    f.seek(3，0)
    print("读取的内容：{0}".format(str(f.readline())))


结果：
文件名：b.txt
0
读取的内容：i love you#1

14
读取的内容：python#2

读取的内容：ove you#1


进程已结束,退出代码0

9.pickle序列化

import pickle
a1="i"
a2="love"
a3=[10,20,30,40]

with open("b.dat","wb") as f:
    pickle.dump(a1,f)
    pickle.dump(a2, f)
    pickle.dump(a3, f)
with open("b.dat","rb") as f:
    b1=pickle.load(f)
    b2 = pickle.load(f)
    b3 = pickle.load(f)
    print(b1);print(b2);print(b3)
    print(id(a1));print(id(b1))

结果：
i
love
[10, 20, 30, 40]
1696531776096
1696531776096

进程已结束,退出代码0

10.CSV文件的读写

import csv
#读取CSV文件
with open("e.csv","r",encoding="utf-8") as f:
    a_csv=csv.reader(f)
    for row in a_csv:
        print(row)
#写入CSV文件
with open("a.csv","w",encoding="utf-8") as f:
    b_csv=csv.writer(f)
    b_csv.writerow(["ID","姓名","年龄","工资"])
    b_csv.writerow(["1001", "lila", "18","22"])


结果;
['ID', '姓名', '年龄', '工资']
['1001', 'Lily', '19', '20']
['1002', 'Bob', '20', '24']
['1003', 'Cris', '18', '21']
['1004', 'Jordan', '19', '22']

11.os模块

import os
#os.system("notepad.exe")
os.system("ping www.baidu.com")

12.os.path模块

import os
import os.path
#######判断：绝对路径，是否目录，是否文件，文件是否存在######
print(os.path.isabs("d:/a.txt"))
print(os.path.isdir("d:/a.txt"))
print(os.path.isfile("d:/a.txt"))
print(os.path.exists("d:/a.txt"))
##############获取文件信息###############################
print(os.path.getsize("a.txt"))
print(os.path.abspath("a.txt"))

print(os.path.getctime("a.txt"))
print(os.path.getatime("a.txt"))
print(os.path.getmtime("a.txt"))

13.os.walk(）方法

import os
all_files=[]
path=os.getcwd()
list_files=os.walk(path)


for dirpath,dirnames,filenames in list_files:
    for dir in dirnames:
        print(os.path.join(dirpath,dir))
    for file in filenames:
        print(file)

#打印所有子目录和子文件
for file in all_files:
    print(file)

14shutil模块

import shutil
shutil.copyfile("a.txt","a1.txt")#拷贝a1
shutil.copytree("1/h222","newfile")
shutil.copytree("1/h222","newfile",ignore=shutil.ignore_patterns(("*.txt"))

15.递归调用

#递归打印所有的目录和文件
import os
allfiles=[]


def getAllfiles(path,level):
    childFiles=os.listdir(path)
    for file in childFiles:
        filepath=os.path.join(path,file)
        if os.path.isdir(filepath):
            getAllfiles(filepath,level+1)
        allfiles.append("\t"*level+path)

getAllfiles("D:\pythonProject",0)

for f in reversed(allfiles):
    print(f)