Part 1: Copying
1、 函数名: strcpy
用 法: char * strcpy ( char * destination, const char * source );
功 能: 串拷贝(Copies the C string pointed by source into the array pointed by destination, including the terminating null character. To avoid overflows, the size of the array pointed by destination shall be long enough to contain the same C string as source (including the terminating null character), and should not overlap in memory with source.)
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(void)
{
char string[10];
char *str1 = "abcdefghi";
strcpy(string, str1);
printf("%s/n", string);
return 0;
}
2、函数名: strncpy
用 法: char * strncpy ( char * destination, const char * source, size_t num );
功 能: 指定长度的串拷(Copies the first num characters of source to destination. If the end of the source C string (which is signaled by a null-character) is found before num characters have been copied, destination is padded with zeros until a total of num characters have been written to it. No null-character is implicitly appended to the end of destination, so destination will only be null-terminated if the length of the C string in source is less than num.)
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main ()
{
char str1[]= "To be or not to be";
char str2[6];
strncpy (str2,str1,5);
str2[5]='/0';//no '/0' will be appendeded to the end of destination automatically
puts (str2);//输出To be
return 0;
}
另外参考：
void * memcpy ( void * destination, const void * source, size_t num );
void * memmove ( void * destination, const void * source, size_t num );
Part 2: Concatenation
3、函数名: strcat
功 能: 字符串拼接函数
用 法: char *strcat(char *destin, char *source);
程序例:
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char destination[25];
char *blank = " ", *c = "C++", *Borland = "Borland";
strcpy(destination, Borland);
strcat(destination, blank);
strcat(destination, c);
printf("%s/n", destination);
return 0;
}
另外参考：
char * strncat ( char * destination, char * source, size_t num );
Part 3: Comparison
4、函数名: strcmp
功 能: 串比较，大小写敏感
用 法: int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2);
比较ASCII码，str1>str2，返回值 > 0；两串相等，返回0
程序例:
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char *buf1 = "aaa", *buf2 = "bbb", *buf3 = "ccc";
int ptr;
ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf1);
if (ptr > 0)
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1/n");
else
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1/n");
ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf3);
if (ptr > 0)
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3/n");
else
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3/n");
return 0;
}
4.1、函数名: stricmp（还有一种写法是strcmpi，VC 6.0都支持）
功 能: 以大小写不敏感方式比较两个串
用 法: int stricmp(char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
int ptr;
ptr = stricmp(buf2, buf1);
if (ptr > 0)
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1/n");
if (ptr < 0)
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1/n");
if (ptr == 0)
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1/n");
return 0;
}
5、函数名: strncmp
功 能: 将一个串中的一部分与另一个串比较, 大小写敏感
用 法: int strncmp(char *str1, char *str2, size_t maxlen);
程序例:
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";
int ptr;
ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1);
if (ptr > 0)
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1/n");
if (ptr < 0)
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1/n");
if (ptr == 0)
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1/n");
return 0;
}
5.1、函数名: strncmpi（还有一种写法是strnicmp，VC 6.0都支持）
功 能: 把串中的一部分与另一串中的一部分比较, 不管大小写
用 法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc";
int ptr;
ptr = strncmpi(buf2,buf1,3);
if (ptr > 0)
printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1/n");
if (ptr < 0)
printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1/n");
if (ptr == 0)
printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1/n");
return 0;
}
其它参考：
int memcmp ( const void * ptr1, const void * ptr2, size_t num );
int strcoll ( const char * str1, const char * str2 );
size_t strxfrm ( char * destination, const char * source, size_t num );
Part 4: Searching
6、函数名: strchr
用 法: char *strchr(char *str, char c);
功 能: 在一个串中查找给定字符的第一个匹配之处(Locate first occurrence of character in string, Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of character in the C string str. The terminating null-character is considered part of the C string. Therefore, it can also be located to retrieve a pointer to the end of a string.)
程序例:
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char string[15];
char *ptr, c = 'r';
strcpy(string, "This is a string");
ptr = strchr(string, c);
if (ptr)
printf("The character %c is at position: %d/n", c, ptr-string);
else
printf("The character was not found/n");
return 0;
}
7、函数名: strcspn
用 法: int strcspn(char *str1, char *str2);
功 能: 在第一个串中查找包含任何第二个串给定字符集内容的位置(Get span until character in string, Scans str1 for the first occurrence of any of the characters that are part of str2, returning the number of characters of str1 read before this first occurrence. The search includes the terminating null-characters, so the function will return the length of str1 if none of the characters of str2 are found in str1.)
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <alloc.h>
int main(void)
{
char *string1 = "1234567890";
char *string2 = "747D18";
int length;
length = strcspn(string1, string2); //length=0, match letter is 1
printf("Character where strings intersect is at position %d/n", length);
return 0;
}
8、函数名: strspn
用 法: int strspn(char *str1, char *str2);
功 能: 在串中查找指定字符集出现在串的子集的长度(Get span of character set in string, Returns the length of the initial portion of str1 which consists only of characters that are part of str2)
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <alloc.h>
int main(void)
{
char *string1 = "1234567890";
char *string2 = "23DC81";
int length;
length = strspn(string1, string2); //length=3, the initial portion '123' cnsists of characters that are pare of string2
printf("Character where strings differ is at position %d/n", length);
return 0;
}
9、函数名: strpbrk
功 能: 在串中查找给定字符集中的字符
用 法: char *strpbrk(char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(void)
{
char *string1 = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
char *string2 = "onm";
char *ptr;
ptr = strpbrk(string1, string2);
if (ptr)
printf("strpbrk found first character: %c/n", *ptr);
else
printf("strpbrk didn't find character in set/n");
return 0;
}
10、函数名: strrchr
功 能: 在串中查找指定字符的最后一个出现
用 法: char *strrchr(char *str, char c);
程序例:
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char string[15];
char *ptr, c = 'r';
strcpy(string, "This is a string");
ptr = strrchr(string, c);
if (ptr)
printf("The character %c is at position: %d/n", c, ptr-string);
else
printf("The character was not found/n");
return 0;
}
11、函数名: strstr
用 法: char *strstr(char *str1, char *str2);
功 能: 在串中查找指定字符串的第一次出现(Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of str2 in str1, or a null pointer if str2 is not part of str1. The matching process does not include the terminating null-characters.)
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(void)
{
char *str1 = "Borland International", *str2 = "nation", *ptr;
ptr = strstr(str1, str2); //ptr="national", 即该函数将匹配字符串的首地址返回
printf("The substring is: %s/n", ptr);
return 0;
}
12、函数名: strtok
用 法: char *strtok(char *str1, char *str2);
功 能: 查找由在第二个串中指定的分界符分隔开的单词(A sequence of calls to this function split str into tokens, which are sequences of contiguous characters separated by any of the characters that are part of delimiters.
On a first call, the function expects a C string as argument for str, whose first character is used as the starting location to scan for tokens. In subsequent calls, the function expects a null pointer and uses the position right after the end of last token as the new starting location for scanning.
To determine the beginning and the end of a token, the function first scans from the starting location for the first character not contained in delimiters (which becomes the beginning of the token). And then scans starting from this beginning of the token for the first character contained in delimiters, which becomes the end of the token.
This end of the token is automatically replaced by a null-character by the function, and the beginning of the token is returned by the function.
Once the terminating null character of str has been found in a call to strtok, all subsequent calls to this function with a null pointer as the first argument return a null pointer.)
程序例:
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char input[16] = "abc,d";
char *p;
/* strtok places a NULL terminator
in front of the token, if found */
p = strtok(input, ",");
if (p) printf("%s/n", p); //输出abc
/* A second call to strtok using a NULL
as the first parameter returns a pointer
to the character following the token */
p = strtok(NULL, ",");
if (p) printf("%s/n", p); //输出d
return 0;
}
其它参考：
const void * memchr ( const void * ptr, int value, size_t num );
void * memchr ( void * ptr, int value, size_t num );
Part 5: Other
13、函数名: strerror
功 能: 返回指向错误信息字符串的指针
用 法: char *strerror(int errnum);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
int main(void)
{
char *buffer;
buffer = strerror(errno);
printf("Error: %s/n", buffer);
return 0;
}
其它参考：
void * memset ( void * ptr, int value, size_t num );
size_t strlen ( const char * str );
Part 6:
14、函数名: strrev
功 能: 串倒转
用 法: char *strrev(char *str);
程序例:
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char *forward = "string";
printf("Before strrev(): %s/n", forward);
strrev(forward);
printf("After strrev(): %s/n", forward);
return 0;
}
15、函数名: strset
功 能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符
用 法: char *strset(char *str, char c);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(void)
{
char string[10] = "123456789";
char symbol = 'c';
printf("Before strset(): %s/n", string);
strset(string, symbol);
printf("After strset(): %s/n", string);
return 0;
}
16、函数名: strdup
功 能: 将串拷贝到新建的位置处
用 法: char *strdup(char *str);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <alloc.h>
int main(void)
{
char *dup_str, *string = "abcde";
dup_str = strdup(string);
printf("%s/n", dup_str);
free(dup_str);
return 0;
}
17、函数名: strnset
功能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符
用 法: char *strnset(char *str, char ch, unsigned n);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(void)
{
char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
char letter = 'x';
printf("string before strnset: %s/n", string);
strnset(string, letter, 13);
printf("string after strnset: %s/n", string);
return 0;
}
18、函数名: strtod
功 能: 将字符串转换为double型值
用 法: double strtod(char *str, char **endptr);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(void)
{
char input[80], *endptr;
double value;
printf("Enter a floating point number:");
gets(input);
value = strtod(input, &endptr);
printf("The string is %s the number is %lf/n", input, value);
return 0;
}
19、函数名: strtol
功 能: 将串转换为长整数
用 法: long strtol(char *str, char **endptr, int base);
程序例:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char *string = "87654321", *endptr;
long lnumber;
/* strtol converts string to long integer */
lnumber = strtol(string, &endptr, 10);
printf("string = %s long = %ld/n", string, lnumber);
return 0;
}
20、函数名: strupr
功 能: 将串中的小写字母转换为大写字母
用 法: char *strupr(char *str);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(void)
{
char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", *ptr;
/* converts string to upper case characters */
ptr = strupr(string);
printf("%s/n", ptr);
return 0;
}
21、函数名: swab
功 能: 交换字节
用 法: void swab (char *from, char *to, int nbytes);
程序例:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
char source[15] = "rFna koBlrna d";
char target[15];
int main(void)
{
swab(source, target, strlen(source));
printf("This is target: %s/n", target);
return 0;
}
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