在 iOS 中,我们使用 NSPredicate 的字符串比较功能来进行正则表达式处理,其比较关键字为:MATCHES
下面,列举一个匹配6-15个由字母/数字组成的字符串的正则表达式,来看看 NSPredicate 的具体使用:
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NSString * regex = @
"(^[A-Za-z0-9]{6,15}$)"
;
NSPredicate * pred = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@
"SELF MATCHES %@"
, regex];
BOOL
isMatch = [pred evaluateWithObject:@
"123456ABCde"
];
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下面是一些常用的正则表达式
//邮箱
+ (
BOOL
) validateEmail:(NSString *)email
{
NSString *emailRegex = @
"[A-Z0-9a-z._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\\.[A-Za-z]{2,4}"
;
NSPredicate *emailTest = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@
"SELF MATCHES %@"
, emailRegex];
return
[emailTest evaluateWithObject:email];
}
//手机号码验证
+ (
BOOL
) validateMobile:(NSString *)mobile
{
//手机号以13, 15,18开头,八个 \d 数字字符
NSString *phoneRegex = @
"^((13[0-9])|(15[^4,\\D])|(18[0,0-9]))\\d{8}$"
;
NSPredicate *phoneTest = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@
"SELF MATCHES %@"
,phoneRegex];
return
[phoneTest evaluateWithObject:mobile];
}
//车牌号验证
+ (
BOOL
) validateCarNo:(NSString *)carNo
{
NSString *carRegex = @
"^[\u4e00-\u9fa5]{1}[a-zA-Z]{1}[a-zA-Z_0-9]{4}[a-zA-Z_0-9_\u4e00-\u9fa5]$"
;
NSPredicate *carTest = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@
"SELF MATCHES %@"
,carRegex];
NSLog(@
"carTest is %@"
,carTest);
return
[carTest evaluateWithObject:carNo];
}
//车型
+ (
BOOL
) validateCarType:(NSString *)CarType
{
NSString *CarTypeRegex = @
"^[\u4E00-\u9FFF]+$"
;
NSPredicate *carTest = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@
"SELF MATCHES %@"
,CarTypeRegex];
return
[carTest evaluateWithObject:CarType];
}
//用户名
+ (
BOOL
) validateUserName:(NSString *)name
{
NSString *userNameRegex = @
"^[A-Za-z0-9]{6,20}+$"
;
NSPredicate *userNamePredicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@
"SELF MATCHES %@"
,userNameRegex];
BOOL
B = [userNamePredicate evaluateWithObject:name];
return
B;
}
//密码
+ (
BOOL
) validatePassword:(NSString *)passWord
{
NSString *passWordRegex = @
"^[a-zA-Z0-9]{6,20}+$"
;
NSPredicate *passWordPredicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@
"SELF MATCHES %@"
,passWordRegex];
return
[passWordPredicate evaluateWithObject:passWord];
}
//昵称
+ (
BOOL
) validateNickname:(NSString *)nickname
{
NSString *nicknameRegex = @
"^[\u4e00-\u9fa5]{4,8}$"
;
NSPredicate *passWordPredicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@
"SELF MATCHES %@"
,nicknameRegex];
return
[passWordPredicate evaluateWithObject:nickname];
}
//身份证号
+ (
BOOL
) validateIdentityCard: (NSString *)identityCard
{
BOOL
flag;
if
(identityCard.length <= 0) {
flag = NO;
return
flag;
}
NSString *regex2 = @
"^(\\d{14}|\\d{17})(\\d|[xX])$"
;
NSPredicate *identityCardPredicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@
"SELF MATCHES %@"
,regex2];
return
[identityCardPredicate evaluateWithObject:identityCard];
}
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其实iOS中有三种方式来实现正则表达式的匹配。现在将他们都记录在这里:
1.利用NSPredicate(谓词)匹配
例如匹配有效邮箱:
NSString *email = @“nijino_saki@163.com”;
NSString *regex = @"[A-Z0-9a-z._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+\\.[A-Za-z]{2,4}";
NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"SELF MATCHES %@", regex];
BOOL isValid = [predicate evaluateWithObject:email];
谓词匹配比较灵活,但是需要有谓词的相关知识。
2.利用rangeOfString:option:直接查找
NSString *searchText = @"// Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.";
NSRange range = [searchText rangeOfString:@"(?:[^,])*\\." options:NSRegularExpressionSearch];
if (range.location != NSNotFound) {
NSLog(@"%@", [searchText substringWithRange:range]);
}
options中设定NSRegularExpressionSearch就是表示利用正则表达式匹配,会返回第一个匹配结果的位置。
3.使用正则表达式类
NSString *searchText = @"// Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.";
NSError *error = NULL;
NSRegularExpression *regex = [NSRegularExpression regularExpressionWithPattern:@"(?:[^,])*\\." options:NSRegularExpressionCaseInsensitive error:&error];
NSTextCheckingResult *result = [regex firstMatchInString:searchText options:0 range:NSMakeRange(0, [searchText length])];
if (result) {
NSLog(@"%@\n", [searchText substringWithRange:result.range]);
}
使用系统的正则表达式类(NSRegularExpression)会返回匹配的多个结果。
小结:
第一种匹配需要学习NSPredicate的写法,需要查阅苹果相关技术文档;如果只关心第一个匹配的结果,第二种匹配较为简洁;如果需要匹配多个结果,同时匹配多次,第三种方式效率会更高。