快照standby

快照standby

 

相关理论

 

快照standby数据库就是一个可以更新的数据库。

意思就是说，在A时间点，以读写的方式打开了standby数据库，也就是说A点以后的这个时间里可以支持各种DML和DDL操作。一段时间后到达B时间点，可以把这个库重新恢复到A时间点之前状态，并继续以standby的方式运行。于是在A点到B点这段时间内，这个数据就是快照备用数据库。

         在快照备用库期间，它会继续接受归档日志，但是不会应用。当快照数据库重新转回到备用数据之后，这些归档日志就会被自动的应用。

         如果是最大保护模式，而且只有一个standby备库，那么这个数据库则是不能转换为快照备用库的。

 

快照备用数据库的创建语法也很简单，就是把物理standby数据库做个转换操作

alter database convert to snapshot standby;

   

         这种备库主要用于测试环境比较多，比如负责测试，功能测试，压力测试等等。

 

         oracle在做转换的时候，先创建一个恢复点。而在处于快照备用数据库的阶段，日志传递，GAP检测仍然工作。一旦要回到物理备用库状态，oracle就会吧数据库闪回到这个恢复点。这些恢复点是有名字的，命令格式就是SNAPSHOT_STANDBY_REQUIRED_系统日期。

 

需要注意的是：必须先关闭MRP进程，不能再只读或者实时恢复（Real Time Apply）方式时转换

 

先确认pri是在醉倒性能模式

SQL> select NAME, DB_UNIQUE_NAME, DATABASE_ROLE, PROTECTION_MODE, SWITCHOVER_STATUS  from v$database;   NAME         DB_UNIQUE_NAME             DATABASE_ROLE     PROTECTION_MODE      SWITCHOVER_STATUS --------- ------------------------------ ---------------- -------------------- -------------------- ORCL          pri                                     PRIMARY          MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE  TO STANDBY

 

备库状态，

SQL> select NAME, DB_UNIQUE_NAME, OPEN_MODE, DATABASE_ROLE, PROTECTION_MODE, SWITCHOVER_STATUS from v$database;   NAME         DB_UNIQUE_NAME       OPEN_MODE             DATABASE_ROLE    PROTECTION_MODE         SWITCHOVER_STATUS --------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------------- -------------------- -------------------- ORCL          std                        MOUNTED              PHYSICAL STANDBY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE  NOT ALLOWED

备库在mounted状态下，才能做转换

SQL> alter database convert to snapshot standby; alter database convert to snapshot standby * ERROR at line 1: ORA-38784: Cannot create restore point 'SNAPSHOT_STANDBY_REQUIRED_03/08/2014 16:36:51'. ORA-01153: an incompatible media recovery is active   SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;   Database altered.   SQL> alter database convert to snapshot standby;   Database altered.

当standby数据库正在被log applied的时候，是不能做这种转换的，需要先取消日志的应用。

此时日志中会有如下记录：

alter database convert to snapshot standby Starting background process RVWR Sat Mar 08 16:38:17 2014 RVWR started with pid=32, OS id=29613 Allocated 127504192 bytes in shared pool for flashback generation buffer Created guaranteed restore point SNAPSHOT_STANDBY_REQUIRED_03/08/2014 16:38:17 krsv_proc_kill: Killing 4 processes (all RFS) Begin: Standby Redo Logfile archival End: Standby Redo Logfile archival RESETLOGS after incomplete recovery UNTIL CHANGE 1137105 Resetting resetlogs activation ID 1369442151 (0x51a00767) Online log /u01/app/oracle/oradata/std/redo01.log: Thread 1 Group 1 was previously cleared Online log /u01/app/oracle/oradata/std/redo02.log: Thread 1 Group 2 was previously cleared Online log /u01/app/oracle/oradata/std/redo03.log: Thread 1 Group 3 was previously cleared Standby became primary SCN: 1137103 Sat Mar 08 16:38:21 2014 Setting recovery target incarnation to 3 CONVERT TO SNAPSHOT STANDBY: Complete - Database mounted as snapshot standby Completed: alter database convert to snapshot standby

此时可以以read ,write的方式打开数据库了

SQL> alter database open;   Database altered.   SQL> select open_mode from v$database;   OPEN_MODE -------------------- READ WRITE

 

此时在备库上做一些操作

SQL> create table test(id number);   Table created.   SQL> insert into test values(1);   1 row created.   SQL> commit;   Commit complete.   SQL> select * from test;            ID ----------           1

 

此时再主库上也做一些操作

SQL> alter system switch logfile;   System altered.   SQL> /   System altered.   SQL> /   System altered.   SQL> /   System altered.   SQL> /   System altered.   SQL> create tablespace test datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/test01.dbf' size 100M;   Tablespace created.

 

此时再备库的日志中也可以看到如下内容，日志被传输过来了，但是没有被应用。

Sat Mar 08 16:43:20 2014 RFS[4]: Assigned to RFS process 29697 RFS[4]: Opened log for thread 1 sequence 45 dbid 1369450057 branch 841669324 Archived Log entry 34 added for thread 1 sequence 45 rlc 841669324 ID 0x51a00767 dest 2: RFS[4]: Opened log for thread 1 sequence 46 dbid 1369450057 branch 841669324 Sat Mar 08 16:43:21 2014 RFS[5]: Assigned to RFS process 29701 RFS[5]: Selected log 5 for thread 1 sequence 43 dbid 1369450057 branch 841669324 Sat Mar 08 16:43:21 2014 RFS[6]: Assigned to RFS process 29703 RFS[6]: Opened log for thread 1 sequence 44 dbid 1369450057 branch 841669324 Archived Log entry 35 added for thread 1 sequence 46 rlc 841669324 ID 0x51a00767 dest 2: Archived Log entry 36 added for thread 1 sequence 44 rlc 841669324 ID 0x51a00767 dest 2: RFS[5]: Opened log for thread 1 sequence 48 dbid 1369450057 branch 841669324 RFS[4]: Opened log for thread 1 sequence 47 dbid 1369450057 branch 841669324 Sat Mar 08 16:43:21 2014 RFS[7]: Assigned to RFS process 29709 RFS[7]: Selected log 4 for thread 1 sequence 49 dbid 1369450057 branch 841669324 Sat Mar 08 16:43:21 2014 Archived Log entry 37 added for thread 1 sequence 43 ID 0x51a00767 dest 1: Archived Log entry 38 added for thread 1 sequence 47 rlc 841669324 ID 0x51a00767 dest 2: Archived Log entry 39 added for thread 1 sequence 48 rlc 841669324 ID 0x51a00767 dest 2:

 

 

 

 

 

现在将数据库切换到standby状态。

 

 

SQL> shutdown immediate; Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> startup mount; ORACLE instance started.   Total System Global Area 4.0486E+10 bytes Fixed Size              2237088 bytes Variable Size              3758099808 bytes Database Buffers    3.6641E+10 bytes Redo Buffers                84631552 bytes Database mounted. SQL> alter database convert to physical standby;   Database altered.   SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session; alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01507: database not mounted     SQL> shutdown immediate; ORA-01507: database not mounted     ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> startup mount; ORACLE instance started.   Total System Global Area 4.0486E+10 bytes Fixed Size              2237088 bytes Variable Size              3758099808 bytes Database Buffers    3.6641E+10 bytes Redo Buffers                84631552 bytes Database mounted. SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;   Database altered.

 

此时日志开始应用

Sat Mar 08 16:47:49 2014 Managed Standby Recovery not using Real Time Apply Parallel Media Recovery started with 32 slaves Waiting for all non-current ORLs to be archived... All non-current ORLs have been archived. Clearing online redo logfile 1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/std/redo01.log Clearing online log 1 of thread 1 sequence number 50 Completed: alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session Clearing online redo logfile 1 complete Clearing online redo logfile 2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/std/redo02.log Clearing online log 2 of thread 1 sequence number 51 Clearing online redo logfile 2 complete Media Recovery Log /u01/app/oracle/arch/std/1_43_841669324.arc Media Recovery Log /u01/app/oracle/arch/std/1_44_841669324.arc Media Recovery Log /u01/app/oracle/arch/std/1_45_841669324.arc Media Recovery Log /u01/app/oracle/arch/std/1_46_841669324.arc Media Recovery Log /u01/app/oracle/arch/std/1_47_841669324.arc Media Recovery Log /u01/app/oracle/arch/std/1_48_841669324.arc Media Recovery Log /u01/app/oracle/arch/std/1_49_841669324.arc Recovery created file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/std/test01.dbf Successfully added datafile 6 to media recovery Datafile #6: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/std/test01.dbf' Media Recovery Log /u01/app/oracle/arch/std/1_50_841669324.arc Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 51 (in transit)