由于当前jQuery如此的如雷贯耳,相信不用介绍什么是jQuery了,公司代码中广泛应用了jQuery,但我在看一些小朋友的代码时发现一个问题,小朋友们使用的仅仅是jQuery的皮毛,只是使用id选择器与attr方法,还有几个动画,如果只是如此,相比于其带来的开销,其实还不如不使用,下面介绍几个jQuery常用的方法,来让jQuery的威力发挥出来,否则只用有限的几个方法,相对于运行速度问题,真不如不用jQuery。
jQuery如此之好用,和其在获取对象时使用与CSS选择器兼容的语法有很大关系,毕竟CSS选择器大家都很熟悉(关于CSS选择器可以看看十分钟搞定CSS选择器),但其强大在兼容了CSS3的选择器,甚至多出了很多。
选择器
有了CSS选择器基础后,看jQuery的选择器就很简单了,不再详细一一说明
基本选择器 | |
$(‘*’) | 匹配页面所有元素 |
$(‘#id’) | id选择器 |
$(‘.class’) | 类选择器 |
$(‘element’) | 标签选择器 |
组合/层次选择器 | |
$(‘E,F’) | 多元素选择器,用”,分隔,同时匹配元素E或元素F |
$(‘E F’) | 后代选择器,用空格分隔,匹配E元素所有的后代(不只是子元素、子元素向下递归)元素F |
$(E>F) | 子元素选择器,用”>”分隔,匹配E元素的所有直接子元素 |
$(‘E+F’) | 直接相邻选择器,匹配E元素之后的相邻的同级元素F |
$(‘E~F’) | 普通相邻选择器(弟弟选择器),匹配E元素之后的同级元素F(无论直接相邻与否) |
$(‘.class1.class2’) | 匹配类名中既包含class1又包含class2的元素 |
基本过滤选择器 | |
$("E:first") | 所有E中的第一个 |
$("E:last") | 所有E中的最后一个 |
$("E:not(selector)") | 按照selector过滤E |
$("E:even") | 所有E中index是偶数 |
$("E:odd") | 所有E中index是奇数 |
$("E:eq(n)") | 所有E中index为n的元素 |
$("E:gt(n)") | 所有E中index大于n的元素 |
$("E:ll(n)") | 所有E中index小于n的元素 |
$(":header") | 选择h1~h7 元素 |
$("div:animated") | 选择正在执行动画效果的元素 |
内容过滤器 | |
$(‘E:contains(value)’) | 内容中包含value值的元素 |
$(‘E:empty’) | 内容为空的元素 |
$(‘E:has(F)’) | 子元素中有F的元素,$(‘div:has(a)’):包含a标签的div |
$(‘E: parent’) | 父元素是E的元素,$(‘td: parent’):父元素是td的元素 |
可视化选择器 | |
$(‘E:hidden’) | 所有被隐藏的E |
$(‘E:visible’) | 所有可见的E |
属性过滤选择器 | |
$(‘E[attr]’) | 含有属性attr的E |
$(‘E[attr=value]’) | 属性attr=value的E |
$(‘E[attr !=value]’) | 属性attr!=value的E |
$(‘E[attr ^=value]’) | 属性attr以value开头的E |
$(‘E[attr $=value]’) | 属性attr以value结尾的E |
$(‘E[attr *=value]’) | 属性attr包含value的E |
$(‘E[attr][attr *=value]’) | 可以连用 |
子元素过滤器 | |
$(‘E:nth-child(n)’) | E的第n个子节点 |
$(‘E:nth-child(3n+1)’) | E的index符合3n+1表达式的子节点 |
$(‘E:nth-child(even)’) | E的index为偶数的子节点 |
$(‘E:nth-child(odd)’) | E的index为奇数的子节点 |
$(‘E:first-clild’) | 所有E的第一个子节点 |
$(‘E:last-clild’) | 所有E的最后一个子节点 |
$(‘E:only-clild’) | 只有唯一子节点的E的子节点 |
表单元素选择器 | |
$(‘E:type’) | 特定类型的input |
$(‘:checked’) | 被选中的checkbox或radio |
$(‘option: selected’) | 被选中的option |
筛选方法
.find(selector) 查找集合每个元素的子节点
Get the descendants(子节点) of each element in the current set of matched elements, filtered by a selector, jQuery object, or element.
$('li.item-ii').find('li').css('background-color', 'red');
.filter(selector) 过滤当前集合内元素
Reduce(减少) the set of matched elements to those that match the selector or pass the function's test.
$('li').filter(':even').css('background-color', 'red');
基本方法
.ready(handler) 文档加载完成后执行的方法,区别于window.onload
Specify a function to execute when the DOM is fully loaded.
$(document).ready(function() { // Handler for .ready() called. });
.each(function(index,element)) 遍历集合内每个元素
Iterate over a jQuery object, executing a function for each matched element.
$("li" ).each(function( index ) { console.log( index + ": " + $(this).text() ); });
jQuery.extend( target [, object1 ] [, objectN ] ) 合并对象
Merge the contents of two or more objects together into the first object.
var object = $.extend({}, object1, object2);
获取元素
.eq(index) 按index获取jQuery对象集合中的某个特定jQuery对象
Reduce the set of matched elements to the one at the specified index.
.eq(-index) 按逆序index获取jQuery对象集合中的某个特定jQuery对象
-
An integer indicating the position of the element, counting backwards from the last element in the set.
$( "li" ).eq( 2 ).css( "background-color", "red" );
.get(index) 获取jQuery集合对象中某个特定index的DOM对象(将jQuery对象自动转换为DOM对象)
Retrieve one of the DOM elements matched by the jQuery object.
console.log( $( "li" ).get( -1 ) );
.get() 将jQuery集合对象转换为DOM集合对象并返回
Retrieve the DOM elements matched by the jQuery object.
console.log( $( "li" ).get() );
.index() / .index(selector)/ .index(element) 从给定集合中查找特定元素index
Search for a given element from among the matched elements.
1. 没参数返回第一个元素index
2.如果参数是DOM对象或者jQuery对象,则返回参数在集合中的index
3.如果参数是选择器,返回第一个匹配元素index,没有找到返回-1
var listItem = $( "#bar" ); alert( "Index: " + $( "li" ).index( listItem ) );
.clone([withDataAndEvents][,deepWithDataAndEvents]) 创建jQuery集合的一份deep copy(子元素也会被复制),默认不copy对象的shuju和绑定事件
Create a deep copy of the set of matched elements.
$( ".hello" ).clone().appendTo( ".goodbye" );
.parent([selector]) 获取jQuery对象符合selector的父元素
Get the parent of each element in the current set of matched elements, optionally filtered by a selector.
$( "li.item-a" ).parent('ul').css( "background-color", "red" );
.parents([selector]) 获取jQuery对象符合选择器的祖先元素
Get the ancestors of each element in the current set of matched elements, optionally filtered by a selector.
$( "span.selected" ) .parents( "div" ) .css( "border", "2px red solid" )
插入元素
.append(content[,content]) / .append(function(index,html)) 向对象尾部追加内容
Insert content, specified by the parameter, to the end of each element in the set of matched elements.
1. 可以一次添加多个内容,内容可以是DOM对象、HTML string、 jQuery对象
2. 如果参数是function,function可以返回DOM对象、HTML string、 jQuery对象,参数是集合中的元素位置与原来的html值
$( ".inner" ).append( "<p>Test</p>" ); $( "body" ).append( $newdiv1, [ newdiv2, existingdiv1 ] ); $( "p" ).append( "<strong>Hello</strong>" ); $( "p" ).append( $( "strong" ) ); $( "p" ).append( document.createTextNode( "Hello" ) );
.appendTo(target) 把对象插入到目标元素尾部,目标元素可以是selector, DOM对象, HTML string, 元素集合,jQuery对象;
Insert every element in the set of matched elements to the end of the target.
$( "h2" ).appendTo( $( ".container" ) );
$( "<p>Test</p>" ).appendTo( ".inner" );
.prepend(content[,content]) / .prepend(function(index,html)) 向对象头部追加内容,用法和append类似
Insert content, specified by the parameter, to the beginning of each element in the set of matched elements.
$( ".inner" ).prepend( "<p>Test</p>" );
.prependTo(target) 把对象插入到目标元素头部,用法和prepend类似
Insert every element in the set of matched elements to the beginning of the target.
$( "<p>Test</p>" ).prependTo( ".inner" );
.before([content][,content]) / .before(function) 在对象前面(不是头部,而是外面,和对象并列同级)插入内容,参数和append类似
Insert content, specified by the parameter, before each element in the set of matched elements.
$( ".inner" ).before( "<p>Test</p>" ); $( ".container" ).before( $( "h2" ) ); $( "p" ).first().before( newdiv1, [ newdiv2, existingdiv1 ] ); $( "p" ).before( "<b>Hello</b>" ); $( "p" ).before( document.createTextNode( "Hello" ) );
.insertBefore(target) 把对象插入到target之前(同样不是头部,是同级)
Insert every element in the set of matched elements before the target.
$( "h2" ).insertBefore( $( ".container" ) );
.after([content][,content]) / .after(function(index)) 和before相反,在对象后面(不是尾部,而是外面,和对象并列同级)插入内容,参数和append类似
Insert content, specified by the parameter, after each element in the set of matched elements.
$( ".inner" ).after( "<p>Test</p>" );
$( "p" ).after( document.createTextNode( "Hello" ) );
.insertAfter(target) 和insertBefore相反,把对象插入到target之后(同样不是尾部,是同级)
Insert every element in the set of matched elements after the target.
$( "<p>Test</p>" ).insertAfter( ".inner" );
$( "p" ).insertAfter( "#foo" );
包裹元素
.wrap(wrappingElement) / .wrap(function(index)) 为每个对象包裹一层HTML结构,可以是selector, element, HTML string, jQuery object
Wrap an HTML structure around each element in the set of matched elements.
<div class="container"> <div class="inner">Hello</div> <div class="inner">Goodbye</div> </div>
$( ".inner" ).wrap( "<div class='new'></div>" );
<div class="container"> <div class="new"> <div class="inner">Hello</div> </div> <div class="new"> <div class="inner">Goodbye</div> </div> </div>
.wrapAll(wrappingElement) 把所有匹配对象包裹在同一个HTML结构中
Wrap an HTML structure around all elements in the set of matched elements.
<div class="container"> <div class="inner">Hello</div> <div class="inner">Goodbye</div> </div>
$( ".inner" ).wrapAll( "<div class='new' />");
<div class="container"> <div class="new"> <div class="inner">Hello</div> <div class="inner">Goodbye</div> </div> </div>
.wrapInner(wrappingElement) / .wrapInner(function(index)) 包裹匹配元素内容,这个不好说,一看例子就懂
Wrap an HTML structure around the content of each element in the set of matched elements.
<div class="container"> <div class="inner">Hello</div> <div class="inner">Goodbye</div> </div>
$( ".inner" ).wrapInner( "<div class='new'></div>");
<div class="container"> <div class="inner"> <div class="new">Hello</div> </div> <div class="inner"> <div class="new">Goodbye</div> </div> </div>
.unwap() 把DOM元素的parent移除
Remove the parents of the set of matched elements from the DOM, leaving the matched elements in their place.
pTags = $( "p" ).unwrap();
属性方法
.val() 获取元素的value值
Get the current value of the first element in the set of matched elements.
$( "input:checkbox:checked" ).val();
.val(value) /.val(function(index,value)) 为元素设置值,index和value同样是指在为集合中每个元素设置的时候该元素的index和原value值
Set the value of each element in the set of matched elements.
$( "input" ).val( ‘hello’ ); $( "input" ).on( "blur", function() { $( this ).val(function( i, val ) { return val.toUpperCase(); }); });
.attr(attributeName) 获取元素特定属性的值
Get the value of an attribute for the first element in the set of matched elements.
var title = $( "em" ).attr( "title" );
.attr(attributeName,value) / .attr(attributesJson) / .attr( attributeName, function(index, attr) ) 为元素属性赋值
Set one or more attributes for the set of matched elements.
$( "#greatphoto" ).attr( "alt", "Beijing Brush Seller" ); $( "#greatphoto" ).attr({ alt: "Beijing Brush Seller", title: "photo by Kelly Clark" }); $( "#greatphoto" ).attr( "title", function( i, val ) { return val + " - photo by Kelly Clark"; });
.prop( propertyName ) 获取元素某特性值
Get the value of a property for the first element in the set of matched elements.
$( elem ).prop( "checked" )
.prop(propertyName,value) / .prop(propertiesJson) / .prop(propertyName,function(index,oldPropertyValue)) 为元素特性赋值
Set one or more properties for the set of matched elements.
$( "input" ).prop( "checked", true ); $( "input[type='checkbox']" ).prop( "checked", function( i, val ) { return !val; }); $( "input[type='checkbox']" ).prop({ disabled: true });
关于attribute 和 property区别可以看看 jQuery的attr与prop
.data(key,value) / .value(json) 为HTML DOM元素添加数据,HTML5元素 已有data-*属性
Store arbitrary data associated with the matched elements.The .data()
method allows us to attach data of any type to DOM elements in a way that is safe from circular references and therefore from memory leaks.
$( "body" ).data( "foo", 52 ); $( "body" ).data( "bar", { myType: "test", count: 40 } ); $( "body" ).data( { baz: [ 1, 2, 3 ] } );
.data(key) / .data() 获取获取data设置的数据或者HTML5 data-*属性中的数据
Return the value at the named data store for the first element in the jQuery collection, as set by data(name, value) or by an HTML5 data-* attribute.
alert( $( "body" ).data( "foo" ) ); alert( $( "body" ).data() ); alert( $( "body" ).data( "foo" ) ); // undefined $( "body" ).data( "bar", "foobar" ); alert( $( "body" ).data( "bar" ) ); // foobar
CSS方法
.hasClass(calssName) 检查元素是否包含某个class,返回true/false
Determine whether any of the matched elements are assigned the given class.
$( "#mydiv" ).hasClass( "foo" )
.addClass(className) / .addClass(function(index,currentClass)) 为元素添加class,不是覆盖原class,是追加,也不会检查重复
Adds the specified class(es) to each of the set of matched elements.
$( "p" ).addClass( "myClass yourClass" ); $( "ul li" ).addClass(function( index ) { return "item-" + index; });
removeClass([className]) / ,removeClass(function(index,class)) 移除元素单个/多个/所有class
Remove a single class, multiple classes, or all classes from each element in the set of matched elements.
$( "p" ).removeClass( "myClass yourClass" ); $( "li:last" ).removeClass(function() { return $( this ).prev().attr( "class" ); });
.toggleClass(className) /.toggleClass(className,switch) / .toggleClass([switch]) / .toggleClass( function(index, class, switch) [, switch ] ) toggle是切换的意思,方法用于切换,switch是个bool类型值,这个看例子就明白
Add or remove one or more classes from each element in the set of matched elements, depending on either the class's presence or the value of the switch argument.
<div class="tumble">Some text.</div>
第一次执行
$( "div.tumble" ).toggleClass( "bounce" )
<div class="tumble bounce">Some text.</div>
第二次执行
$( "div.tumble" ).toggleClass( "bounce" )
<div class="tumble">Some text.</div>
$( "#foo" ).toggleClass( className, addOrRemove ); // 两种写法意思一样 if ( addOrRemove ) { $( "#foo" ).addClass( className ); } else { $( "#foo" ).removeClass( className ); }
$( "div.foo" ).toggleClass(function() { if ( $( this ).parent().is( ".bar" ) ) { return "happy"; } else { return "sad"; } });
.css(propertyName) / .css(propertyNames) 获取元素style特定property的值
Get the value of style properties for the first element in the set of matched elements.
var color = $( this ).css( "background-color" ); var styleProps = $( this ).css([ "width", "height", "color", "background-color" ]);
.css(propertyName,value) / .css( propertyName, function(index, value) ) / .css( propertiesJson ) 设置元素style特定property的值
Set one or more CSS properties for the set of matched elements.
$( "div.example" ).css( "width", function( index ) { return index * 50; }); $( this ).css( "width", "+=200" ); $( this ).css( "background-color", "yellow" ); $( this ).css({ "background-color": "yellow", "font-weight": "bolder" });
事件方法
.bind( eventType [, eventData ], handler(eventObject) ) 绑定事件处理程序,这个经常用,不多解释
Attach a handler to an event for the elements.
$( "#foo" ).bind( "click", function() { alert( "User clicked on 'foo.'" ); });
.delegate( selector, eventType, handler(eventObject) ) 这个看官方解释吧
Attach a handler to one or more events for all elements that match the selector, now or in the future, based on a specific set of root elements.
$( "table" ).on( "click", "td", function() {//这样把td的click事件处理程序绑在table上 $( this ).toggleClass( "chosen" ); });
.on( events [, selector ] [, data ], handler(eventObject) ) 1.7后推荐使用,取代bind、live、delegate
Attach an event handler function for one or more events to the selected elements.
$( "#dataTable tbody" ).on( "click", "tr", function() { alert( $( this ).text() ); });
关于bind、live、delegate、on的区别可以看看 jQuery三种事件绑定方式.bind(),.live(),.delegate()
.trigger( eventType [, extraParameters ] ) JavaScript出发元素绑定事件
Execute all handlers and behaviors attached to the matched elements for the given event type.
$( "#foo" ).trigger( "click" );
.toggle( [duration ] [, complete ] ) / .toggle( options ) 隐藏或显示元素
Display or hide the matched elements.
$( ".target" ).toggle();
$( "#clickme" ).click(function() { $( "#book" ).toggle( "slow", function() { // Animation complete. }); });
动画/Ajax
这两部分内容比较多,不是简单的一个function就可以的,这里只是列举一下常用方法名,关于其使用可以看看 jQuery API animation ajax ,或者 jQuery的动画处理总结,ASP.NET 使用Ajax
动画
queue/dequeue/clearQueue
delay/stop
fadeIn/fadeOut/fadeTo/fadeToggle
slideUp/slideDown/slideToggle
show/hide
Ajax
$.ajax
$.load
$.get
最后
了解了上面这些内容,使用jQuery进行web开发的时候就可以体验到jQuery的威力了。本文不是jQuery学习指南,仅仅是个常用方法介绍,如果大家想学习jQuery,最好的教材还是jQuery API,本文中示例与英文解释全部来源于jQuery API。 另外文中介绍内容远远不是jQuery全部,但是首先掌握了这些可以对jQuery有一个比较全面的认识,然后再学习其他内容的时候就可以游刃有余了。
文章转载自:http://www.cnblogs.com/dolphinX/p/3347677.html