纯C语言矩阵乘法的Strassen算法,包含非2次幂的情况

根据《算法导论》中的strassen算法实现

缺憾:

没有像算法导论中描述那样 采用下标分解矩阵,仍然是一个一个复制元素

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
//strassen 矩阵乘法
typedef struct matrix{
    int rows;
    int cols;
    double ** body;
} matrix;
matrix *malloc_matrix(int rows,int cols)
{
    int i;
    if(rows==0||cols==0) return NULL;
    matrix *result=(matrix *)malloc(sizeof(matrix));
    result->body=(double **)malloc(sizeof(double*)*rows);
    for(i=0;i<rows;i++)
    {
        result->body[i]=(double*)malloc(sizeof(double)*cols);
    }
    result->rows=rows;
    result->cols=cols;

    return result;
}
void free_matrix(matrix *m)
{
    int i;
    for(i=0;i<m->rows;i++)
    {
        free(m->body[i]);
    }
    free(m->body);
    free(m);
}
matrix* copy_matrix(matrix *A)
{
    int i,j;
    matrix *result=malloc_matrix(A->rows,A->cols);
    for(i=0;i<A->rows;i++)
    {
        for(j=0;j<A->cols;j++)
        {
            result->body[i][j]=A->body[i][j];

        }
    }
    result->cols=A->cols;
    result->rows=A->rows;
    return result;

}
matrix *matrix_add(matrix *A,matrix*B)
{

    int i,j;
    if (A==NULL&&B!=NULL)
    {
        return copy_matrix(B);
    }
    else if(A!=NULL&&B==NULL)
    {
        return copy_matrix(A);
    }
    else if(A==NULL&&B==NULL)
    {
        return NULL;
    }
    matrix *result=malloc_matrix(A->rows,A->cols);
    for(i=0;i<A->rows;i++)
    {
        for(j=0;j<A->cols;j++)
        {
            result->body[i][j]=A->body[i][j]+B->body[i][j];

        }
    }
    return result;
}
matrix *matrix_sub(matrix *A,matrix*B)
{
    int i,j;
    if (A==NULL&&B!=NULL)
    {
        matrix *result=malloc_matrix(B->rows,B->cols);
        for(i=0;i<B->rows;i++)
        {
            for(j=0;j<B->cols;j++)
            {
                result->body[i][j]=(0-B->body[i][j]);

            }
        }
        result->cols=B->cols;
        result->rows=B->rows;
        return result;
    }
    else if(A!=NULL&&B==NULL)
    {
        return copy_matrix(A);
    }
    else if(A==NULL&&B==NULL)
    {
        return NULL;
    }
    matrix *result=malloc_matrix(A->rows,A->cols);
    for(i=0;i<A->rows;i++)
    {
        for(j=0;j<A->cols;j++)
        {
            result->body[i][j]=A->body[i][j]-B->body[i][j];

        }
    }
    return result;
}
matrix ** matrix_split(matrix *A)
{
    int i,j;
    matrix **ms=(matrix **)malloc(sizeof(matrix*)*4);
    int rows=A->rows/2,cols=A->cols/2;
    if(A->rows%2!=0)
        rows=(A->rows+1)/2;
    if(A->cols%2!=0)
        cols=(A->cols+1)/2;
    ms[0]=malloc_matrix(rows,cols);
    ms[1]=malloc_matrix(rows,A->cols-cols);
    ms[2]=malloc_matrix(A->rows-rows,cols);
    ms[3]=malloc_matrix(A->rows-rows,A->cols-cols);
    for(i=0;i<rows;i++)
        for(j=0;j<cols;j++)
        {
            ms[0]->body[i][j]=A->body[i][j];
        }
    for(i=0;i<rows;i++)
        for(j=0;j<A->cols-cols;j++)
        {
            ms[1]->body[i][j]=A->body[i][j+cols];
        }
    for(i=0;i<A->rows-rows;i++)
        for(j=0;j<cols;j++)
        {
            ms[2]->body[i][j]=A->body[i+rows][j];
        }
    for(i=0;i<A->rows-rows;i++)
        for(j=0;j<A->cols-cols;j++)
        {
            ms[3]->body[i][j]=A->body[i+rows][j+cols];
        }

    return ms;
}
matrix *matrix_merge(matrix * ms[])
{
    matrix *result=malloc_matrix(
            (ms[0]!=NULL?ms[0]->rows:0)+(ms[2]!=NULL?ms[2]->rows:0),
            (ms[0]!=NULL?ms[0]->cols:0)+(ms[1]!=NULL?ms[1]->cols:0));
    int i,j;
    if(ms[0]!=NULL)
    {
    for(i=0;i<ms[0]->rows;i++)
        for(j=0;j<ms[0]->cols;j++)
        {
            result->body[i][j]=ms[0]->body[i][j];
        }
    }
    if(ms[1]!=NULL)
    {
    for(i=0;i<ms[1]->rows;i++)
        for(j=0;j<ms[1]->cols;j++)
        {
            result->body[i][j+ms[0]->cols]=ms[1]->body[i][j];
        }
    }
    if(ms[2]!=NULL)
    {
    for(i=0;i<ms[2]->rows;i++)
        for(j=0;j<ms[2]->cols;j++)
        {
            result->body[i+ms[0]->rows][j]=ms[2]->body[i][j];
        }
    }
    if(ms[3]!=NULL)
    {
    for(i=0;i<ms[3]->rows;i++)
        for(j=0;j<ms[3]->cols;j++)
        {
            result->body[i+ms[0]->rows][j+ms[0]->cols]=ms[3]->body[i][j];
        }
    }
    return result; 
}
//获得矩阵中最大的2次幂子矩阵
matrix **get_max_square_matrix(matrix *A)
{
    int i,j;
    matrix **ms=(matrix **)malloc(sizeof(matrix*)*4);
    int n=A->rows>A->cols?A->cols:A->rows;
    if(n%2!=0)
    {
        n-=1;
    }
    ms[0]=malloc_matrix(n,n);
    ms[1]=malloc_matrix(n,A->cols-n);
    ms[2]=malloc_matrix(A->rows-n,n);
    ms[3]=malloc_matrix(A->rows-n,A->cols-n);
    for(i=0;i<n;i++)
        for(j=0;j<n;j++)
        {
            ms[0]->body[i][j]=A->body[i][j];
        }
    for(i=0;i<n;i++)
        for(j=0;j<A->cols-n;j++)
        {
            ms[1]->body[i][j]=A->body[i][j+n];
}
    for(i=0;i<A->rows-n;i++)
        for(j=0;j<n;j++)
        {
            ms[2]->body[i][j]=A->body[i+n][j];
        }
    for(i=0;i<A->rows-n;i++)
        for(j=0;j<A->cols-n;j++)
        {
            ms[3]->body[i][j]=A->body[i+n][j+n];
        }

    return ms;

}
matrix *matrix_mul(matrix *A,matrix *B)
{
    matrix *c;
    if(A==NULL||B==NULL)
    {
        return NULL;
    }
    if (A->rows<2||A->cols<2||B->cols<2||B->rows<2)
    {
        c=malloc_matrix(A->rows,B->cols);
        int i,j,k;
        for(i=0;i<A->rows;i++)
        {
            for(j=0;j<B->cols;j++)
            {
                c->body[i][j]=0;
                for(k=0;k<A->cols;k++)
                {
                   c->body[i][j]+= (A->body[i][k]*B->body[k][j]);
                }
            }
        }
        return c;
    }
    else if (A->rows%2!=0||A->cols%2!=0||B->cols%2!=0||B->rows%2!=0)
    {
        matrix **sa=get_max_square_matrix(A),**sb=get_max_square_matrix(B);
        matrix *a11=sa[0],*a12=sa[1],*a21=sa[2],*a22=sa[3];
        matrix *b11=sb[0],*b12=sb[1],*b21=sb[2],*b22=sb[3];
        matrix *c11=matrix_add(matrix_mul(a11,b11),matrix_mul(a12,b21)),
               *c12=matrix_add(matrix_mul(a11,b12),matrix_mul(a12,b22)),
                *c21=matrix_add(matrix_mul(a21,b11),matrix_mul(a22,b21)),
                *c22= matrix_add(matrix_mul(a21,b12),matrix_mul(a22,b22));
       matrix *cs[4]={c11,c12,c21,c22};
    c=matrix_merge(cs);
    free(a11);
    free(a12);
    free(a21);
    free(a22);
    free(b11);
    free(b12);
    free(b22);
    free(b21);
    free(c11);
    free(c22);
    free(c21);
    free(c22);
      return c;
    }
    matrix **sa=matrix_split(A),**sb=matrix_split(B);
    matrix *a11=sa[0],*a12=sa[1],*a21=sa[2],*a22=sa[3];
    matrix *b11=sb[0],*b12=sb[1],*b21=sb[2],*b22=sb[3];
    matrix *s1=matrix_sub(b12,b22),*s2=matrix_add(a11,a12),
           *s3=matrix_add(a21,a22),*s4=matrix_sub(b21,b11),
           *s5=matrix_add(a11,a22),*s6=matrix_add(b11,b22),
           *s7=matrix_sub(a12,a22),*s8=matrix_add(b21,b22),
           *s9=matrix_sub(a11,a21),*s10=matrix_add(b11,b12);
    matrix *p1=matrix_mul(a11,s1),
           *p2=matrix_mul(s2,b22),
           *p3=matrix_mul(s3,b11),
           *p4=matrix_mul(a22,s4),
           *p5=matrix_mul(s5,s6),
           *p6=matrix_mul(s7,s8),
           *p7=matrix_mul(s9,s10);
    matrix *c11=matrix_add(matrix_add(p5,p4),matrix_sub(p6,p2)),
           *c12=matrix_add(p1,p2),
           *c21=matrix_add(p3,p4),
           *c22=matrix_add(matrix_sub(p5,p3),matrix_sub(p1,p7)); 
    matrix *cs[4]={c11,c12,c21,c22};
    c=matrix_merge(cs);
    free(a11);
    free(a12);
    free(a21);
    free(a22); 
    free(b11);
    free(b12);
    free(b21);
    free(b22);
    free(s1);
    free(s2);
    free(s3);
    free(s4);
    free(s5);
    free(s6);
    free(s7);
    free(s8);  
    free(s9);
    free(s10);
    free(p1);
    free(p2);
    free(p3);
    free(p4);
    free(p5);
    free(p6);
    free(p7);
    free(c11);
    free(c12);
    free(c21);
    free(c22);



    return c;

}
void print_matrix(matrix *A)
{
    int i,j;
    for( i=0;i<A->rows;i++)
    {
        for( j=0;j<A->cols;j++)
        {
            printf("%f ",A->body[i][j]);
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
}
int main(void)
{
    matrix *A=malloc_matrix(3,6),*B=malloc_matrix(6,3);
    //double w[4][4]={{1 ,2 ,3 ,4 },
    //    {5 ,6 ,7 ,8 },
    //    {9 ,10,11,12},
    //    {13,14,15,16}}; 
    double x[3][6]={
        {1 ,2 ,3 ,4 , 5,6},
        {5 ,6 ,7 ,8 ,6,8},
        {21,32,42,52,33,44}     
    };
    double y[6][3]={
        {1 ,2 ,3  },
        {5 ,6 ,7  },
        {9 ,10,11},
        {13,14,15},
        {13,14,15},
        {13,14,15}
    }; 


    int i,j;
    for( i=0;i<A->rows;i++)
    {
        for(j=0;j<A->cols;j++)
        {
            A->body[i][j]=x[i][j];
        }
    } 
    for( i=0;i<B->rows;i++)
    {
        for(j=0;j<B->cols;j++)
        {
            B->body[i][j]=y[i][j];
        }
    }

    matrix *c=matrix_mul(A,B);
    print_matrix(c);
}
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### 回答1: Strassen矩阵乘法算法是一种用于计算两个矩阵乘积的高效方法,其基本思想是将原始矩阵划分为较小的子矩阵,并通过递归调用来计算乘积。下面是使用C语言实现Strassen矩阵乘法算法的一个示例: ```c #include<stdio.h> void strassen(int n, int A[][n], int B[][n], int C[][n]) { if (n == 1) { C[0][0] = A[0][0] * B[0][0]; return; } // 计算矩阵的间大小 int half = n / 2; // 划分原始矩阵为四个子矩阵 int A11[half][half], A12[half][half], A21[half][half], A22[half][half]; int B11[half][half], B12[half][half], B21[half][half], B22[half][half]; int C11[half][half], C12[half][half], C21[half][half], C22[half][half]; int P[half][half], Q[half][half], R[half][half], S[half][half], T[half][half], U[half][half], V[half][half]; // 初始化子矩阵 for (int i = 0; i < half; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < half; j++) { A11[i][j] = A[i][j]; A12[i][j] = A[i][j + half]; A21[i][j] = A[i + half][j]; A22[i][j] = A[i + half][j + half]; B11[i][j] = B[i][j]; B12[i][j] = B[i][j + half]; B21[i][j] = B[i + half][j]; B22[i][j] = B[i + half][j + half]; } } // 递归调用计算子矩阵 strassen(half, A11, B11, P); strassen(half, A12, B21, Q); strassen(half, A11, B12, R); strassen(half, A12, B22, S); strassen(half, A21, B11, T); strassen(half, A22, B21, U); strassen(half, A21, B12, V); // 计算结果矩阵的子矩阵 for (int i = 0; i < half; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < half; j++) { C11[i][j] = P[i][j] + Q[i][j]; C12[i][j] = R[i][j] + S[i][j]; C21[i][j] = T[i][j] + U[i][j]; C22[i][j] = R[i][j] + T[i][j] + U[i][j] + V[i][j]; } } // 将子矩阵组合为结果矩阵 for (int i = 0; i < half; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < half; j++) { C[i][j] = C11[i][j]; C[i][j + half] = C12[i][j]; C[i + half][j] = C21[i][j]; C[i + half][j + half] = C22[i][j]; } } } int main() { int n; printf("请输入矩阵维度n:"); scanf("%d", &n); int A[n][n], B[n][n], C[n][n]; printf("请输入矩阵A:\n"); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) { scanf("%d", &A[i][j]); } } printf("请输入矩阵B:\n"); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) { scanf("%d", &B[i][j]); } } strassen(n, A, B, C); printf("结果矩阵C:\n"); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) { printf("%d ", C[i][j]); } printf("\n"); } return 0; } ``` 这个示例代码实现了一个递归的Strassen矩阵乘法算法。用户需要在运行代码时输入矩阵的维度n,以及矩阵A和B的元素。程序将计算A和B的乘积,并打印结果矩阵C。 ### 回答2: Strassen矩阵乘法算法是一种用于快速计算矩阵乘法算法,采用分治策略,并且在一些情况下具有比传统算法更高的效率。下面是一个使用C语言实现Strassen矩阵乘法算法的例子: ```c #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> void strassen(int n, int A[][n], int B[][n], int C[][n]) { if (n == 2) { // 基本情况,直接使用传统算法计算 int P = (A[0][0] + A[1][1]) * (B[0][0] + B[1][1]); int Q = (A[1][0] + A[1][1]) * B[0][0]; int R = A[0][0] * (B[0][1] - B[1][1]); int S = A[1][1] * (B[1][0] - B[0][0]); int T = (A[0][0] + A[0][1]) * B[1][1]; int U = (A[1][0] - A[0][0]) * (B[0][0] + B[0][1]); int V = (A[0][1] - A[1][1]) * (B[1][0] + B[1][1]); C[0][0] = P + S - T + V; C[0][1] = R + T; C[1][0] = Q + S; C[1][1] = P + R - Q + U; } else { int newSize = n/2; int A11[newSize][newSize], A12[newSize][newSize], A21[newSize][newSize], A22[newSize][newSize]; int B11[newSize][newSize], B12[newSize][newSize], B21[newSize][newSize], B22[newSize][newSize]; int C11[newSize][newSize], C12[newSize][newSize], C21[newSize][newSize], C22[newSize][newSize]; int P1[newSize][newSize], P2[newSize][newSize], P3[newSize][newSize], P4[newSize][newSize], P5[newSize][newSize], P6[newSize][newSize], P7[newSize][newSize]; int i, j; for (i = 0; i < newSize; i++) { for (j = 0; j < newSize; j++) { A11[i][j] = A[i][j]; A12[i][j] = A[i][j + newSize]; A21[i][j] = A[i + newSize][j]; A22[i][j] = A[i + newSize][j + newSize]; B11[i][j] = B[i][j]; B12[i][j] = B[i][j + newSize]; B21[i][j] = B[i + newSize][j]; B22[i][j] = B[i + newSize][j + newSize]; } } strassen(newSize, A11, B11, P1); strassen(newSize, A12, B21, P2); strassen(newSize, A11, B12, P3); strassen(newSize, A12, B22, P4); strassen(newSize, A21, B11, P5); strassen(newSize, A22, B21, P6); strassen(newSize, A21, B12, P7); for (i = 0; i < newSize; i++) { for (j = 0; j < newSize; j++) { C11[i][j] = P1[i][j] + P4[i][j] - P5[i][j] + P7[i][j]; C12[i][j] = P3[i][j] + P5[i][j]; C21[i][j] = P2[i][j] + P4[i][j]; C22[i][j] = P1[i][j] + P3[i][j] - P2[i][j] + P6[i][j]; C[i][j] = C11[i][j]; C[i][j + newSize] = C12[i][j]; C[i + newSize][j] = C21[i][j]; C[i + newSize][j + newSize] = C22[i][j]; } } } } int main() { int n = 4; // 矩阵维数 int A[][4] = {{1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}, {9, 10, 11, 12}, {13, 14, 15, 16}}; int B[][4] = {{17, 18, 19, 20}, {21, 22, 23, 24}, {25, 26, 27, 28}, {29, 30, 31, 32}}; int C[4][4]; strassen(n, A, B, C); int i, j; for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (j = 0; j < n; j++) { printf("%d ", C[i][j]); } printf("\n"); } return 0; } ``` 以上是一个简单的C语言实现的Strassen矩阵乘法算法。在此例子,我们使用了一个4x4的矩阵作为输入,并打印出计算结果。

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