Spring boot之ServletContextInitializer

Spring Boot提供的在Servlet 3.0+环境中用于程序化配置ServletContext的接口。该接口 ServletContextInitializer主要被RegistrationBean实现用于往ServletContext容器中注册Servlet,Filter或者EventListener。这样设计的目的主要是旨在降低用于在war包中第三方库可能破坏spring boot 应用的风险，同时也方便spring容器管理这些beans。这些ServletContextInitializer实例不会被SpringServletContainerInitializer检测，因此不会被Servlet容器自动启动。

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该接口ServletContextInitializer和Spring Web的另外一个接口WebApplicationInitializer看起来几乎一模一样,但二者使用目的不同。Spring Web中,WebApplicationInitializer也是针对Servlet 3.0+环境，设计用于程序化配置ServletContext，跟传统的web.xml对等或者配合使用。WebApplicationInitializer实现类会被SpringServletContainerInitializer自动检测和启动 (从servlet3.0开始，web容器启动时为提供给第三方组件机会做一些初始化的工作，例如注册servlet或者filtes等，servlet规范中通过ServletContainerInitializer实现此功能。每个框架要使用ServletContainerInitializer就必须在对应的jar包的META-INF/services 目录创建一个名为javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer的文件，文件内容指定具体的ServletContainerInitializer实现类，那么，当web容器启动时就会运行这个初始化器做一些组件内的初始化工作，具体可以参考servlet3规范)

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ServletContextInitializer类结构如下：

1、ServletListenerRegistrationBean 类似 ServletListener
2、ServletRegistrationBean 类似Servlet
3、FilterRegistrationBean 类似Filter

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ServletContextInitializer 应用 – DispatcherServlet

package org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet;

import java.util.Collection;

import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet;

/**
 * {@link ServletRegistrationBean} for the auto-configured {@link DispatcherServlet}. Both
 * registers the servlet and exposes {@link DispatcherServletPath} information.
 *
 * @author Phillip Webb
 * @since 2.0.4
 */
public class DispatcherServletRegistrationBean extends ServletRegistrationBean<DispatcherServlet>
		implements DispatcherServletPath {

	private final String path;

	/**
	 * Create a new {@link DispatcherServletRegistrationBean} instance for the given
	 * servlet and path.
	 * @param servlet the dispatcher servlet
	 * @param path the dispatcher servlet path
	 */
	public DispatcherServletRegistrationBean(DispatcherServlet servlet, String path) {
		super(servlet);
		Assert.notNull(path, "Path must not be null");
		this.path = path;
		super.addUrlMappings(getServletUrlMapping());
	}

	@Override
	public String getPath() {
		return this.path;
	}

	@Override
	public void setUrlMappings(Collection<String> urlMappings) {
		throw new UnsupportedOperationException("URL Mapping cannot be changed on a DispatcherServlet registration");
	}

	@Override
	public void addUrlMappings(String... urlMappings) {
		throw new UnsupportedOperationException("URL Mapping cannot be changed on a DispatcherServlet registration");
	}

}