java二进制、八进制、十六进制间转换详细

转载自：http://blog.csdn.net/u010137760/article/details/52610442

1.各进制表示

java里不能使用前置表示2进制，只能是 8，10，16进制 
8： 前置 0 
10： 不需前置 
16： 前置 0x 或者 0X

public class test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int octalB = 012;
        int hexB = 0x12;
        System.out.println(octalB);
        System.out.println(hexB);
    }
}

输出结果

8进制012->10进制10
16进制0x12->10进制18

2.转换-Integer.toBinaryString

测试代码

public class test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
         //8进制、10进制、16进制转为2进制
         System.out.println("Integer.toBinaryString(01)="+Integer.toBinaryString(01));
         System.out.println("Integer.toBinaryString(012)="+Integer.toBinaryString(012));
         System.out.println("Integer.toBinaryString(10)="+Integer.toBinaryString(10));
         System.out.println("Integer.toBinaryString(0xa)="+Integer.toBinaryString(0xa));

         System.out.println("Integer.toOctalString(0x12)="+Integer.toOctalString(0x12));
         System.out.println("Integer.toOctalString(18)="+Integer.toOctalString(18));

         System.out.println("Integer.toHexString(012)="+Integer.toHexString(012));
         System.out.println("Integer.toHexString(10)="+Integer.toHexString(10));
    }
}

测试结果

Integer.toBinaryString(01)=1
Integer.toBinaryString(012)=1010
Integer.toBinaryString(10)=1010
Integer.toBinaryString(0xa)=1010
Integer.toOctalString(0x12)=22
Integer.toOctalString(18)=22
Integer.toHexString(012)=a
Integer.toHexString(10)=a

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源码

toBinaryString、toOctalString、toHexString都类似，则以toBinaryString为例讲解 
Integer.java

/**
 * Converts the specified integer into its binary string representation. 
 * 将指定的整型转换为二进制表示
 * The returned string is a concatenation of '0' and '1' characters.
 * 返回的字符串是以'0'、'1'连接的
 * @param i  the integer to convert.要转换的整型值
 * @return the binary string representation of {@code i}.
 * 返回的二进制字符串
 */
public static String toBinaryString(int i) {
    return IntegralToString.intToBinaryString(i);
}

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IntegralToString.java

/**
 * The digits for every supported radix.
 */
private static final char[] DIGITS = {
        '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
        'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j',
        'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't',
        'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z'
};

public static String intToBinaryString(int i) {
    int bufLen = 32;  // 整型是4个字节32位
    char[] buf = new char[bufLen];
    int cursor = bufLen;

    do {
        buf[--cursor] = DIGITS[i & 1];
    }  while ((i >>>= 1) != 0);

    return new String(cursor, bufLen - cursor, buf);
}

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运行过程

    当i=1时
     i = 1, cursor = 32
     do
          i&1=1,buf[31] = DIGITS[1] = 1
     while
          i = 1>>>1 = 0,i == 0终止
     00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001
    ----------------------------------------- 
    当i=2时
     i = 2(10), cursor = 32
     do
          i&1=0,buf[31] = DIGITS[0] = 0
     while
          i = 2>>>1 = 1,i != 0成立
     do
          i&1=1,buf[30] = DIGITS[1] = 1
     while
          i = 1>>>1 = 0,i == 0终止
     00000000 00000000 00000000 00000010

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3.转换-Integer.valueOf

测试代码

public class test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //十六进制转成十进制
        System.out.println(Integer.valueOf("FFFF",16));
        System.out.println(Integer.valueOf("-FFFF",16));
        //八进制转成十进制
        System.out.println(Integer.valueOf("776",8));
        System.out.println(Integer.valueOf("-776",8));
        //二进制转十进制
        System.out.println(Integer.valueOf("0101",2));
        System.out.println(Integer.valueOf("-0101",2));
    }
}

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测试结果

65535
-65535
510
-510
5
-5

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源码

Integer.java

方法:valueOf

/**
  * Parses the specified string as a signed integer value using the specified radix.
  * 将制定的字符串转换为有符号的整数，参考指定的基数
  * @param string  the string representation of an integer value.
  * 字符串表示的整型值
  * @param radix   the radix to use when parsing.
  * 转换时指定基数，比如2代表2进制,8代表8进制,16代表16进制
  * @return an {@code Integer} instance containing the integer value
  *         represented by {@code string} using {@code radix}.
  * 整形值被转换为指定的基数的字符串
  * @throws NumberFormatException
  *             if {@code string} cannot be parsed as an integer value, or
  *             {@code radix < Character.MIN_RADIX ||
  *             radix > Character.MAX_RADIX}.
  * string不是整形值；radix< Character.MIN_RADIX或radix > Character.MAX_RADIX都会报转换异常
  * @see #parseInt(String, int)
  */
 public static Integer valueOf(String string, int radix) throws NumberFormatException {
     return valueOf(parseInt(string, radix));
 }

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方法：parseInt

/**
 * The minimum radix used for conversions between characters and integers.
 */
public static final int MIN_RADIX = 2;

/**
 * The maximum radix used for conversions between characters(字符) and integers.(整型)
 */
public static final int MAX_RADIX = 36;

/**
  * Parses the specified string as a signed integer value using the specified radix. 
  * The ASCII characters \u002d ('-') and \u002b ('+') are recognized as the minus and plus signs.
  * ASCII字符"-"和"+"被作为正负号
  */
 public static int parseInt(String string, int radix) throws NumberFormatException {
     if (radix < Character.MIN_RADIX || radix > Character.MAX_RADIX) {
         throw new NumberFormatException("Invalid radix: " + radix);
     }
     if (string == null || string.isEmpty()) {
         throw invalidInt(string);//返回的是一个NumberFormatException异常
     }

     char firstChar = string.charAt(0);
     //如果字符串以'-'或'+'开头，则firstDigitIndex = 1作为后续操作的标识
     int firstDigitIndex = (firstChar == '-' || firstChar == '+') ? 1 : 0;
     //字符串只有'-'或'+'抛异常
     if (firstDigitIndex == string.length()) {
         throw invalidInt(string);
     }

     return parse(string, firstDigitIndex, radix, firstChar == '-');
 }

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方法：parse

/**
 * Constant for the minimum {@code int} value, -2<sup>31</sup>.
 */
public static final int MIN_VALUE = 0x80000000;
private static int parse(String string, int offset, int radix, boolean negative) throws NumberFormatException {
    int max = Integer.MIN_VALUE / radix;
    int result = 0;
    int length = string.length();
    while (offset < length) {
        int digit = Character.digit(string.charAt(offset++), radix);
        if (digit == -1) {
            throw invalidInt(string);
        }
        if (max > result) {
            throw invalidInt(string);
        }
        int next = result * radix - digit;
        if (next > result) {
            throw invalidInt(string);
        }
        result = next;
    }
    //negative以'-'开头则为true
    if (!negative) {//以'+'开头
        result = -result;
        if (result < 0) {
            throw invalidInt(string);
        }
    }
    return result;
}

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Character.java 
方法：digit

public static int digit(char c, int radix) {
     return digit((int) c, radix);
}

/**
 * Convenience method to determine the value of the character
 * {@code codePoint} in the supplied radix. The value of {@code radix} must
 * be between MIN_RADIX and MAX_RADIX.
 * 基于radix来确定codePoint指定的字符，radix必须在MIN_RADIX与MAX_RADIX之间
 * @param codePoint  the character, including supplementary characters.
 * @return if {@code radix} lies between {@link #MIN_RADIX} and
 *         {@link #MAX_RADIX} then the value of the character in the radix;
 *         -1 otherwise.
 */
public static int digit(int codePoint, int radix) {//1,2
    //在最大与最小之间，否则返回-1
    if (radix < MIN_RADIX || radix > MAX_RADIX) {
        return -1;
    }
    if (codePoint < 128) {
        // Optimized for ASCII
        int result = -1;
        if ('0' <= codePoint && codePoint <= '9') {
            result = codePoint - '0';
        } else if ('a' <= codePoint && codePoint <= 'z') {
            result = 10 + (codePoint - 'a');
        } else if ('A' <= codePoint && codePoint <= 'Z') {
            result = 10 + (codePoint - 'A');
        }
        return result < radix ? result : -1;
    }
    //当前类的native方法
    return digitImpl(codePoint, radix);
}

private static native int digitImpl(int codePoint, int radix);

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运行过程

Integer.valueOf("11",2)//string, radix              
parseInt("11", 2)//string, radix
parse("11",0,2,false)//string, offset, radix, negative
while(offset < string.length){
    0 < 2成立
    拿二进制的第1位1（从左到右）
    Character.digit('1',2)//string.charAt(offset++), radix
    Character.digit(49,2),return 1//(int) c, radix
    digit('1',2),return 1
    next = 0*2-1=-1//result * radix - digit
    result = -1
    拿二进制的第2位1（从左到右） 
    Character.digit('1',2)//string.charAt(offset++), radix
    Character.digit(49,2),return 1//(int) c, radix
    digit('1',2),return 1
    next = -1*2 -1 = -3
    result = -3 
}
//negative以'-'开头则为true
if (!negative) {
    result = -result = 3;
}
return result = 3;