针对不同数据结构和算法的专题训练（二）

1、动态规划

1.1 322.零钱兑换

var coinChange = function(coins, amount) {
    if(amount===0) return 0;
    const dp = Array(amount+1).fill(Number.MAX_VALUE)
    dp[0] = 0;
    for (let i = 1; i < dp.length; i++) {
       for (let j = 0; j < coins.length; j++) {
          if (i-coins[j]>=0) {
              dp[i] = Math.min(dp[i],dp[i-coins[j]]+1)
          }
       }
    }
    return dp[dp.length-1] ===Number.MAX_VALUE?-1:dp[dp.length-1]
};

1.2 70. 爬楼梯

var climbStairs = function(n) {
    let step = [];
    step[0] = 1;
    step[1] = 1;
    for(let i=2;i<=n;i++){
        step[i] = step[i-1]+step[i-2]
    }
    return step[n]
};

1.3 120. 三角形最小路径和

var minimumTotal = function(triangle) {
    let dp = triangle;
    for (let i = dp.length-2; i >= 0 ; i--) {
       for (let j = 0; j < dp[i].length; j++) {
           dp[i][j] = Math.min(dp[i+1][j],dp[i+1][j+1]) + dp[i][j]
       }
    }
    return dp[0][0]
};

1.4 53. 最大子序和

var maxSubArray = function(nums) {
  let ans = nums[0]
  let sum = 0;
  for(const num of nums){
      if(sum>0){
          sum+=num
      }else{
          sum = num
      }
      ans = Math.max(ans,sum)
  }
  return ans
};

1.5 152. 乘积最大子数组

var maxProduct = function (nums) {
    if (!nums.length) return null;
    let max = nums[0], state = [];
    for (let i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) {
        state[i] = []
    }
    state[0][0] = nums[0];
    state[0][1] = nums[0];
    for (let i = 1; i < nums.length; i++) {
        state[i][0] = Math.max(state[i - 1][0] * nums[i], nums[i], state[i - 1][1] * nums[i])
        state[i][1] = Math.min(state[i - 1][1] * nums[i], nums[i], state[i - 1][0] * nums[i])
        if (max < state[i][0]) max = state[i][0]
    }
    return max
};

1.6 518. 零钱兑换 II

var change = function(amount, coins) {
    let dp = new Array(amount+1).fill(0)
    if(amount === 0) return 1;
    dp[0] = 1;
    for (let j = 0; j < coins.length; j++) {
       for (let i = 1; i < amount+1; i++) {
           if(i-coins[j]>=0){
               dp[i] = dp[i]+dp[i-coins[j]]
           }
       }
    }
    return dp[dp.length-1]
};

1.7 1143. 最长公共子序列

var longestCommonSubsequence = function (text1, text2) {
    let n = text1.length;
    let m = text2.length;
    let dp = Array.from(new Array(n + 1), () => new Array(m + 1).fill(0))
    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
        for (let j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
            if (text1[i - 1] == text2[j - 1]) {
                dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1] + 1
            } else {
                dp[i][j] = Math.max(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j])
            }
        }
    }
    return dp[n][m]
};

1.8 198. 打家劫舍

var rob = function(nums) {
    const len = nums.length;
    const res = new Array(len+1);
    res[0] = 0;
    res[1] = nums[0];
    for (let i = 2; i <= len; i++) {
        res[i] = Math.max(res[i-1],res[i-2]+nums[i-1])
    }
    return res[len]
};

1.9 213. 打家劫舍 II

var rob = function(nums) {
    let len = nums.length;
    if(len===1) return nums[0]
    if(len ===0) return 0;
    function dpGo(nums) {
        const dp = new Array(len-1);
        dp[0] = 0;
        dp[1] = nums[0];
        for (let i = 2; i <len; i++) {
            dp[i] = Math.max(dp[i-1],dp[i-2]+nums[i-1])
        }
        return dp[len-1]
    }
    var n1 = dpGo(nums.slice(1))
    var n2 = dpGo(nums.slice(0,nums.length-1))
    return Math.max(n2,n1)
};

1.10 121. 买卖股票的最佳时机

// var maxProfit = function(prices) {
//   let len = prices.length;
//   let max = 0;
//   for (let i = 0; i <len; i++) {
//      for (let j = i+1; j < len; j++) {
//          max = Math.max(max,prices[j]-prices[i])
//      }
//   }
//   return max;
// };

var maxProfit = function(prices) {
  let minPrice = Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER;
  let maxProfile = 0;
  for (let i = 0; i < prices.length; i++) {
   if(prices[i]<=minPrice){
     minPrice= Math.min(minPrice,prices[i])
   }else{
     maxProfile = Math.max(prices[i]-minPrice,maxProfile)
   }
  }
  return maxProfile
}

1.11 122. 买卖股票的最佳时机 II

// var maxProfit = function(prices) {
//     let max = 0;
//     const len = prices.length;
//     for (let i = 1; i < len; i++) {
//        max+=Math.max(prices[i]-prices[i-1],0)
//     }
//     return max;
// };

var maxProfit = function(prices) {
    let profit = 0;
    for (let i = 0; i < prices.length-1; i++) {
        if(prices[i+1]>prices[i]) profit+=prices[i+1]-prices[i]
    }
    return profit;
}

1.12 123. 买卖股票的最佳时机 III

var maxProfit = function(prices) {
    let n = prices.length;
    if(n===0) return 0;

    let dpi10 = 0,dpi11=-Infinity,dpi20 = 0,dpi21 = -Infinity;
    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
       dpi10 = Math.max(dpi10,dpi11+prices[i])
       dpi11 = Math.max(dpi11,0-prices[i])
       dpi20 = Math.max(dpi20,dpi21+prices[i])
       dpi21 = Math.max(dpi21,dpi10-prices[i])
    }
    return dpi20
};

1.13 188. 买卖股票的最佳时机 IV

var maxProfit = function(k, prices) {
    let len = prices.length;
    if(len === 0) return 0;
    if(k >= len/2) return maxProfit2(prices);
    let dp = Array.from(new Array(len), () => new Array(k+1));
    for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
        for (let j = 0; j <= k; j++) {
            dp[i][j] = new Array(2).fill(0);
        }
    }
    for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
        for (let j = k; j > 0; j--) {
            if(i===0) {
                dp[i][j][0] = 0;
                dp[i][j][1] = -prices[i];
                continue;
            }
            dp[i][j][0] = Math.max(dp[i-1][j][0], dp[i-1][j][1] + prices[i]);
            dp[i][j][1] = Math.max(dp[i-1][j][1], dp[i-1][j-1][0] - prices[i]);
        }
    }
    return dp[len-1][k][0];
};

function maxProfit2(prices) {
    let profits = 0;
    for (let i = 0; i < prices.length + 1; i++) {
        if(prices[i + 1] - prices[i] > 0) {
            profits += prices[i + 1] - prices[i]
        }
    }
    return profits;
};

1.14 309. 最佳买卖股票时机含冷冻期

var maxProfit = function(prices) {
    let n = prices.length;
    if(n===0) return 0;
    let dp_i_0 = 0,dp_i_1 = -Infinity,dp_pre = 0;
    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        let tmp = dp_i_0;
        dp_i_0 = Math.max(dp_i_0,dp_i_1+prices[i])
        dp_i_1 = Math.max(dp_i_1,dp_pre-prices[i])
        dp_pre = tmp;
    }
    return dp_i_0
};

1.15 714. 买卖股票的最佳时机含手续费

var maxProfit = function(prices, fee) {
    let dp = new Array(prices.length);
    for (let i = 0; i < dp.length; i++) {
        dp[i] = new Array(2)
    }
    dp[0][0] = 0;
    dp[0][1] = 0-fee-prices[0];
    for (let i = 1; i < prices.length; i++) {
       dp[i][0] = Math.max(dp[i-1][0],dp[i-1][1]+prices[i])
       dp[i][1] = Math.max(dp[i-1][1],dp[i-1][0]-prices[i]-fee)
    }
    return dp[prices.length-1][0]
};

1.16 279. 完全平方数

var numSquares = function(n) {
    let dp = new Array(n+1).fill(0)
    for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
       dp[i] = i;
       for (let j = 1; j*j <= i; j++) {
          dp[i] = Math.min(dp[i],dp[i-j*j]+1)
       }
    }
    return dp[n]
};

1.17 72. 编辑距离

var minDistance = function(word1, word2) {
    let n = word1.length;
    let m = word2.length;
    let dp = [];
    for (let i = 0; i <=n; i++) {
        dp.push([])
        for (let j = 0; j <= m; j++) {
          if(i*j){
            dp[i][j] = word1[i-1]===word2[j-1]?dp[i-1][j-1]:(Math.min(dp[i-1][j],dp[i][j-1],dp[i-1][j-1])+1)
          }else{
              dp[i][j] = i+j
          }
            
        }
    }
    return dp[n][m]
};

1.18 62. 不同路径

var uniquePaths = function(m, n) {
    let dp = new Array(n).fill(1);
    for (let i = 1; i <m; i++) {
        for (let j = 1; j < n; j++) {
           dp[j] = dp[j-1]+dp[j]
        }
    }
    return dp[n-1]
};

1.19 63. 不同路径 II

var uniquePathsWithObstacles = function(obstacleGrid) {
    let n = obstacleGrid.length;
    let m = obstacleGrid[0].length;
    let res = new Array(m).fill(0);
    res[0] = 1;
    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
       for (let j = 0; j < m; j++) {
          if(obstacleGrid[i][j]==1){
              res[j] = 0;
          }else if(j>0){
              res[j] += res[j-1]
          }
       }
    }
    return res[m-1]
};

1.20 980. 不同路径 III

var uniquePathsIII = function(grid) {
    let init = {
        grid:null,
        start:[],
        end:[],
        path_num:0,
        res:0
    }
    init_grid.call(init,grid);
    get_paths(init)
    return init.res
};

function get_paths(obj){
    if(move(obj,1,0)===1){
        get_paths(obj);
        trace_back(obj,1,0)
    }
    if(move(obj,0,-1)===1){
        get_paths(obj);
        trace_back(obj,0,-1)
    }
    if(move(obj,-1,0)===1){
        get_paths(obj);
        trace_back(obj,-1,0)
    }
    if(move(obj,0,1)===1){
        get_paths(obj);
        trace_back(obj,0,1)
    }
}
function trace_back(obj,up,left){
    obj.grid[obj.start[0]][obj.start[1]] = 0;
    obj.start[0] += up;
    obj.start[1] += left;
    obj.path_num++;
}

function move(obj,up,left){
    if (obj.grid[obj.start[0]-up][obj.start[1]-left]===2&&obj.path_num===0) {
        obj.res++;
        return 2;
    }else if(obj.grid[obj.start[0]-up][obj.start[1]-left] === 0){
        obj.start[0] -= up;
        obj.start[1] -= left;
        obj.grid[obj.start[0]][obj.start[1]] = -1;
        obj.path_num--
        return 1
    }else{
        return -1
    }
}

function init_grid(grid){
    this.grid = new Array(grid.length+2);
    for (let i = 0; i < this.grid.length; i++) {
        this.grid[i] = new Array(grid[0].length+2).fill(-1)
    }
    for (let i = 0; i < grid.length; i++) {
        for (let j = 0; j < grid[0].length; j++) {
            if(grid[i][j] === 1) this.start = [i+1,j+1];
            if(grid[i][j]===2) this.end = [i+1,j+1];
            if(grid[i][j]===0) this.path_num++
            this.grid[i+1][j+1] = grid[i][j]
        }
    }
}

1.21 32. 最长有效括号

var longestValidParentheses = function(s) {
    var max = 0,n = s.length;
    const dp = new Array(n).fill(0);
    for (let i = 1; i < n; i++) {
       if(s[i] === ')'){
           if(s[i-1] === '('){
               dp[i] = (i>=2?dp[i-2]:0)+2
           }else if(i-dp[i-1]>0&&s[i-dp[i-1]-1]=='('){
               dp[i] = dp[i-1]+((i-dp[i-1]>=2)?dp[i-dp[i-1]-2]:0)+2
           }
           max = Math.max(max,dp[i])
       }
        
    }
    return max
};

1.22 64. 最小路径和

/*
 * @lc app=leetcode.cn id=64 lang=javascript
 *
 * [64] 最小路径和
 *
 * https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/minimum-path-sum/description/
 *
 * algorithms
 * Medium (64.01%)
 * Likes:    480
 * Dislikes: 0
 * Total Accepted:    89.6K
 * Total Submissions: 136.6K
 * Testcase Example:  '[[1,3,1],[1,5,1],[4,2,1]]'
 *
 * 给定一个包含非负整数的 m x n 网格，请找出一条从左上角到右下角的路径，使得路径上的数字总和为最小。
 * 
 * 说明：每次只能向下或者向右移动一步。
 * 
 * 示例:
 * 
 * 输入:
 * [
 * [1,3,1],
 * ⁠ [1,5,1],
 * ⁠ [4,2,1]
 * ]
 * 输出: 7
 * 解释: 因为路径 1→3→1→1→1 的总和最小。
 * 
 * 
 */

// @lc code=start
/**
 * @param {number[][]} grid
 * @return {number}
 */
var minPathSum = function (grid) {
    if (grid.length === 0) return 0;
    const dp = [];
    const rows = grid.length;
    const cols = grid[0].length;
    for (let i = 0; i < rows + 1; i++) {
        dp[i] = [];
        // 初始化第一列
        dp[i][0] = Number.MAX_VALUE;
        for (let j = 0; j < cols + 1; j++) {
            // 初始化第一行
            if (i === 0) {
                dp[i][j] = Number.MAX_VALUE;
            }
        }
    }
    // tricky
    dp[0][1] = 0;
    for (let i = 1; i < rows + 1; i++) {
        for (let j = 1; j < cols + 1; j++) {
            // state transition
            dp[i][j] = Math.min(dp[i - 1][j], dp[i][j - 1]) + grid[i - 1][j - 1];
        }
    }
    return dp[rows][cols];
};
// @lc code=end

1.23 221. 最大正方形

var maximalSquare = function(matrix) {
    if(matrix.length === 0) return 0;
    const dp = [];
    const rows = matrix.length;
    const cols = matrix[0].length;
    let max = Number.MIN_VALUE;
    for (let i = 0; i < rows+1; i++) {
       if(i===0){
           dp[i] = new Array(cols+1).fill(0)
       }else{
           dp[i] = [0]
       }
    }
    for (let i = 1; i < rows+1; i++) {
        for (let j = 1; j < cols+1; j++) {
           if(matrix[i-1][j-1] === '1'){
               dp[i][j] = Math.min(dp[i-1][j-1],dp[i-1][j],dp[i][j-1]) +1;
               max = Math.max(max,dp[i][j])
           }else{
               dp[i][j] = 0;
           }
        }
    }
    return max*max
};

1.24 363. 矩形区域不超过 K 的最大数值和

function maxSumSubmatrix (matrix, K) {
    let max = -Infinity;
    const m = matrix.length;
    const n = matrix[0].length;

    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        const rowSum = Array(m).fill(0);

        for (let j = i; j < n; j++) {
            for (let k = 0; k < m; k++) {
                rowSum[k] += matrix[k][j];
            }

            let sum = 0;
            const arr = [0];

            for (let r = 0; r < m; r++) {
                sum += rowSum[r];

                // js中的Set没有ceiling或者lowerbound方法，
                // 所以实现一个方法查找应当插入值的位置
                let idx = insertIndex(arr, sum - K);

                idx = idx >= arr.length ? arr.length - 1 : idx;
                const val = sum - arr[idx];

                if (idx > -1 && val <= K) {
                    if (val === K) return K;
                    else max = Math.max(max, val);
                }

                const insertIdx = insertIndex(arr, sum);
                if (arr[insertIdx] !== sum) {
                    // 在合适的index位置插入该值，保证arr是个有序数组
                    arr.splice(insertIdx, 0, sum);
                }
            }

        }
    }

    return max;
}

function insertIndex(nums, target){
    let low = 0;
    let high = nums.length - 1;
    let mid;

    while (low <= high) {
        mid = (low + high) >> 1;

        if (nums[mid] === target) {
            return mid;
        } else if (nums[mid] > target) {
            high = mid - 1;
        } else {
            low = mid + 1;
        }
    }

    return low;
}

1.25 403. 青蛙过河

1.26 410. 分割数组的最大值

1.27 552. 学生出勤记录 II

1.28 621. 任务调度器

1.29 647. 回文子串

1.30 76. 最小覆盖子串

1.31 312. 戳气球

2、字典树和并查集

2.1 547. 朋友圈 并查集

var findCircleNum = function(M) {
    let n = M.length;
    if(n===0) return 0;
    let count = n;
    let find = (p)=>{
        while(p!=parent[p]){
            parent[p] = parent[parent[p]]
            p=parent[p]
        }
        return p
    }
    let union = (p,q)=>{
        let rootP = find(p)
        let rootQ = find(q)
        if(rootP === rootQ) return
        parent[rootP] = rootQ;
        count--
    }
    let parent = new Array(n);
    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        parent[i] = i;
    }
    for (let i = 0; i <n; i++) {
        for (let j = 0; j < n; j++) {
           if(M[i][j]===1) union(i,j)
        }
    }
    return count;
};

3、高级搜索

3.1 22. 括号生成

3.2 36. 有效的数独

3.3 37. 解数独

3.4 51. N皇后

3.5 127. 单词接龙

3.6 433. 最小基因变化

3.7 1091. 二进制矩阵中的最短路径

3.8 773. 滑动谜题

4、红黑树和AVL树

4.1 208. 实现 Trie (前缀树)

4.2 547. 朋友圈

4.3 200. 岛屿数量

4.4 130. 被围绕的区域

4.5 212. 单词搜索 II

5、位运算

5.1 191. 位1的个数

5.2 231. 2的幂

5.3 190. 颠倒二进制位

5.4 51. N皇后

5.5 52. N皇后 II

5.6 338. 比特位计数–DP+位运算

6、布隆过滤器和LRU缓存

6.1 146. LRU缓存机制

7、排序算法

7.1 1122. 数组的相对排序

7.2 242. 有效的字母异位词

7.3 56. 合并区间

7.4 493. 翻转对

8、高级动态规划

8.1 746. 使用最小花费爬楼梯

8.2 300. 最长上升子序列

8.3 91. 解码方法

8.4 32. 最长有效括号

8.5 85. 最大矩形

8.6 115. 不同的子序列

8.7 818. 赛车

9、字符串算法

• 基础算法

9.1 709. 转换成小写字母

9.2 58. 最后一个单词的长度

9.3 771. 宝石与石头

9.4 387. 字符串中的第一个唯一字符

9.5 8. 字符串转换整数 (atoi)

• 字符串操作

9.6 14. 最长公共前缀

9.7 344. 反转字符串

9.8 541. 反转字符串 II

9.9 151. 翻转字符串里的单词

9.10 557. 反转字符串中的单词 III

9.11 917. 仅仅反转字母

• Anagram异位词问题 (242 )

9.12 49. 字母异位词分组

9.13 438. 找到字符串中所有字母异位词

• Palindrome回文串问题

9.14 125. 验证回文串

9.15 680. 验证回文字符串 Ⅱ

9.16 5. 最长回文子串

• 最长子串、子序列(1143,72)

• 字符串+递归 or DP(115)

9.17 10. 正则表达式匹配

9.18 44. 通配符匹配

9.19 205. 同构字符串

PS : 有些题目在不同的分类下重复，说明这个题可以有不同的解决方法。