现在有需求,计算出每个雇员的收入,收入=工资+福利。
create table plch_employees (
employee_id number (4) NOT NULL
, employee_name varchar2 (10) NOT NULL
, employee_salary number (7,2) NOT NULL
, employee_comm number (7,2) );
insert into plch_employees(employee_id, employee_name, employee_salary, employee_comm)
values ( 7369, 'SMITH' , 800 , NULL);
insert into plch_employees(employee_id, employee_name, employee_salary, employee_comm)
values ( 7499, 'ALLEN' , 1600, 300 );
insert into plch_employees(employee_id, employee_name, employee_salary, employee_comm)
values ( 7521, 'WARD' , 1250, 500 );
insert into plch_employees(employee_id, employee_name, employee_salary, employee_comm)
values ( 7566, 'JONES' , 2975, NULL);
这是个非常简单的需求,随手写了一个,发现有问题。
SQL> select e.employee_name,
e.employee_salary,
e.employee_comm,
e.employee_comm + e.employee_salary as total
from plch_employees e;
EMPLOYEE_N EMPLOYEE_SALARY EMPLOYEE_COMM TOTAL
---------- --------------- ------------- ----------
SMITH 800
ALLEN 1600 300 1900
WARD 1250 500 1750
JONES 2975
这种场景,可以使用coalesce 。
SQL> select e.employee_name,
e.employee_salary,
e.employee_comm,
coalesce(e.employee_comm + e.employee_salary, e.employee_salary) as total
from plch_employees e;
EMPLOYEE_N EMPLOYEE_SALARY EMPLOYEE_COMM TOTAL
---------- --------------- ------------- ----------
SMITH 800 800
ALLEN 1600 300 1900
WARD 1250 500 1750
JONES 2975 2975
coalesce 解释:
COALESCE (expr1, expr2)
is equivalent to:
CASE WHEN expr1 IS NOT NULL THEN expr1 ELSE expr2 END
Similarly,
COALESCE (expr1, expr2, ..., exprn), for n>=3
is equivalent to:
CASE WHEN expr1 IS NOT NULL THEN expr1
ELSE COALESCE (expr2, ..., exprn) END