2.JSTL[JSP的标准标签库]
6.1.EL表达式
格式:${表达式/变量/方法}
帮助我们去计算表达式的结果,并且直接将运算结果输出
注意:如果我们要在jsp页面中使用EL表达式语言,那么要在page指令中设置启用EL 表达式【isELIgnored=“false”】
1.EL计算表达式的结果
<h2>算术123+234 = ${123+234}</h2>
<h2>关系123>234 = ${123>234}</h2>
<h2>逻辑(123>234) && (123<234) = ${(123>234) && (123<234)}</h2>
2.EL访问本页中声明的变量
<%
String name="zhangsan";
//request.setAttribute("myname", name);
//session.setAttribute("myname", name);
//application.setAttribute("myname", name);
//pageContext.setAttribute("myname", name, PageContext.PAGE_SCOPE);
%>
<h2>jsp中java代码片段中的变量name==${myname}</h2>
3.EL访问普通java程序中声明的变量
package com.wangxing.bean;
public class Student {
private String stuname;
public String getStuname() {
return stuname;
}
public void setStuname(String stuname) {
this.stuname = stuname;
}
}
<%
Student stu=new Student();
stu.setStuname("lisi");
String stuname=stu.getStuname();
request.setAttribute("stuname", stuname);
//session.setAttribute("myname", name);
//application.setAttribute("myname", name);
//pageContext.setAttribute("myname", name, PageContext.PAGE_SCOPE);
%>
<h2>jsp中java代码片段中的变量stuname==${stuname}</h2>
<%
Student stu=new Student();
stu.setStuname("wangwu");
request.setAttribute("stu", stu);
%>
<h2>jsp中java代码片段中的变量stuname==${stu.stuname}</h2>
注意:通过EL表达式来访问变量中保存的数据,需要将这个变量保存到request/session/application/pageContext对象中。
package com.wangxing.bean;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class StudentServlet extends HttpServlet{
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(req, resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
String stuname=req.getParameter("stuname");
Student stu=new Student();
stu.setStuname(stuname);
req.setAttribute("stu", stu);
req.getRequestDispatcher("/test2.jsp").forward(req, resp);
}
}
<h2>jsp中访问Servlet中的传递来的变量stuname==${stu.stuname}</h2>
优点:避免在jsp页面中出现大量的<% %>java代码片段。
JSTL–JSP标准标签库
将一些基本的java操作代码封装成一个标签,在jsp页面中使用的时候,就可以像使用html标签一样.[简单]
1.需要添加jstl.jar和standard.jar
jstl.jar下载地址:http://repo2.maven.org/maven2/javax/servlet/jstl/
standard.jar下载地址:http://repo2.maven.org/maven2/taglibs/standard/
2.导入依赖
3.在jsp页面中通过taglib指令导入jstl标签
<%@taglib uri=“http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core” prefix=“c” %>
uri–标签库路径【不同的路径表示使用不同的标签库】
core—核心标签库【经常使用】
fmt—格式化标签库
functions—函数标签库
sql—sql标签库
xml—xml的标签库
prefix—是为使用标签库中的标签时定义的前缀名称,通过前缀名称来判断使用的标签库; prefix=“c” 前缀名称就是c,c就是core标签库。
6.2.<c:if> 标签
判断表达式的值,如果表达式的值为 true 则执行其主体内容。
格式:
<c:if test=“判断表达式” >
主体内容
</c:if>
package com.wangxing.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class TestServlet extends HttpServlet{
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(req, resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
String name="wangwu";
req.setAttribute("myname", name);
req.getRequestDispatcher("/test1.jsp").forward(req, resp);
}
}
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%@taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<%--
<%
String name="lisi";
if(name==""){
out.write("<h2>name变量的值为空</h2>");
}
if(name!=""){
out.write("<h2>name变量的值为"+name+"</h2>");
}
%>
--%>
<%--
<%
String name="zhangsan";
request.setAttribute("myname", name);
%>
<c:if test="${myname==''}">
<h2>name变量的值为空</h2>
</c:if>
<c:if test="${myname!=''}">
<h2>name变量的值为${myname}</h2>
</c:if>
--%>
<h2>通过jstl的便签和EL访问变量</h2>
<c:if test="${myname==''}">
<h2>name变量的值为空</h2>
</c:if>
<c:if test="${myname!=''}">
<h2>name变量的值为${myname}</h2>
</c:if>
</body>
</html>
6.3.<c:forEach>标签
遍历集合【它迭代一个集合中的对象】
package com.wangxing.bean;
public class Student {
private int stuid;
private String stuname;
private String stuaddress;
public int getStuid() {
return stuid;
}
public void setStuid(int stuid) {
this.stuid = stuid;
}
public String getStuname() {
return stuname;
}
public void setStuname(String stuname) {
this.stuname = stuname;
}
public String getStuaddress() {
return stuaddress;
}
public void setStuaddress(String stuaddress) {
this.stuaddress = stuaddress;
}
}
package com.wangxing.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import com.wangxing.bean.Student;
public class TestServlet extends HttpServlet{
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(req, resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
/*
String name="wangwu";
req.setAttribute("myname", name);
req.getRequestDispatcher("/test1.jsp").forward(req, resp);
*/
Student stu1=new Student();
stu1.setStuid(1001);
stu1.setStuname("zhangsan");
stu1.setStuaddress("西安");
Student stu2=new Student();
stu2.setStuid(1002);
stu2.setStuname("lisi");
stu2.setStuaddress("北京");
Student stu3=new Student();
stu3.setStuid(1003);
stu3.setStuname("王五");
stu3.setStuaddress("上海");
List<Student> stulist=new ArrayList<Student>();
stulist.add(stu1);
stulist.add(stu2);
stulist.add(stu3);
req.setAttribute("mystulist", stulist);
req.getRequestDispatcher("/test3.jsp").forward(req, resp);
}
}
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%@taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>通过JSTL标签+EL显示表格数据</h1>
<table border="1px">
<c:forEach items="${mystulist}" var="stu">
<tr>
<td>${stu.stuid}</td>
<td>${stu.stuname}</td>
<td>${stu.stuaddress}</td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</table>
</body>
</html>