blkid命令

介绍：

blkid命令对查询设备上所采用文件系统类型进行查询。blkid主要用来对系统的块设备（包括交换分区）所使用的文件系统类型、LABEL、UUID等信息进行查询。

具体用法：

man blkid

NAME
       blkid - locate/print block device attributes

SYNOPSIS
       blkid  --label label | --uuid uuid

       blkid  [--no-encoding --garbage-collect --list-one --cache-file file] [--output format] [--match-tag tag] [--match-token NAME=value] [device ...]

       blkid  --probe [--offset offset] [--output format] [--size size] [--match-tag tag] [--match-types list] [--usages list] device ...

       blkid  --info [--output format] [--match-tag tag] device ...

DESCRIPTION
       The  blkid  program  is the command-line interface to working with the libblkid(3) library.  It can determine the type of content (e.g. filesystem or swap) that a block device
       holds, and also the attributes (tokens, NAME=value pairs) from the content metadata (e.g. LABEL or UUID fields).
       holds, and also the attributes (tokens, NAME=value pairs) from the content metadata (e.g. LABEL or UUID fields).

       It is recommended to use lsblk(8) command to get information about block devices, or lsblk --fs to get an overview of filesystems, or findmnt(8) to search in  already  mounted
       filesystems.

              lsblk(8)  provides  more  information,  better  control on output formatting, easy to use in scripts and it does not require root permissions to get actual information.
              blkid reads information directly from devices and for non-root users it returns cached unverified information.  blkid is mostly designed for system services and to test
              libblkid functionality.

       When  device is specified, tokens from only this device are displayed.  It is possible to specify multiple device arguments on the command line.  If none is given, all devices
       which appear in /proc/partitions are shown, if they are recognized.

       blkid has two main forms of operation: either searching for a device with a specific NAME=value pair, or displaying NAME=value pairs for one or more specified devices.

       For security reasons blkid silently ignores all devices where the probing result is ambivalent (multiple colliding filesystems are detected).  The low-level probing mode  (-p)
       provides  more  information  and extra return code in this case.  It's recommended to use wipefs(8) to get a detailed overview and to erase obsolete stuff (magic strings) from
       the device.

OPTIONS
       The size and offset arguments may be followed by the multiplicative suffixes like KiB (=1024), MiB (=1024*1024), and so on for GiB, TiB, PiB, EiB, ZiB and YiB (the "iB" is op‐
       tional, e.g. "K" has the same meaning as "KiB"), or the suffixes KB (=1000), MB (=1000*1000), and so on for GB, TB, PB, EB, ZB and YB.

       -c, --cache-file cachefile
              Read from cachefile instead of reading from the default cache file (see the CONFIGURATION FILE section for more details).  If you want to start with a clean cache (i.e.
              don't report devices previously scanned but not necessarily available at this time), specify /dev/null.

              don't report devices previously scanned but not necessarily available at this time), specify /dev/null.

       -d, --no-encoding
              Don't encode non-printing characters.  The non-printing characters are encoded by ^ and M- notation by default.  Note that the --output udev output format uses  a  dif‐
              ferent encoding which cannot be disabled.

       -g, --garbage-collect
              Perform a garbage collection pass on the blkid cache to remove devices which no longer exist.

       -h, --help
              Display a usage message and exit.

       -i, --info
              Display  information  about  I/O Limits (aka I/O topology).  The 'export' output format is automatically enabled.  This option can be used together with the --probe op‐
              Display  information  about  I/O Limits (aka I/O topology).  The 'export' output format is automatically enabled.  This option can be used together with the --probe op‐
              tion.

       -k, --list-filesystems
              List all known filesystems and RAIDs and exit.

       -l, --list-one
              Look up only one device that matches the search parameter specified with the --match-token option.  If there are multiple devices that match the specified search param‐
              eter,  then  the device with the highest priority is returned, and/or the first device found at a given priority.  Device types in order of decreasing priority are: De‐
              vice Mapper, EVMS, LVM, MD, and finally regular block devices.  If this option is not specified, blkid will print all of the devices that match the search parameter.

       -L, --label label
              Look up the device that uses this filesystem label; this is equal to --list-one --output device --match-token LABEL=label.  This lookup method is able to  reliably  use
       -L, --label label
              Look up the device that uses this filesystem label; this is equal to --list-one --output device --match-token LABEL=label.  This lookup method is able to  reliably  use
              /dev/disk/by-label udev symlinks (dependent on a setting in /etc/blkid.conf).  Avoid using the symlinks directly; it is not reliable to use the symlinks without verifi‐
              cation.  The --label option works on systems with and without udev.

              Unfortunately, the original blkid(8) from e2fsprogs uses the -L option as a synonym for -o list.  For better portability, use -l -o device -t LABEL=label and -o list in
              your scripts rather than the -L option.



       -n, --match-types list
              Restrict the probing functions to the specified (comma-separated) list of superblock types (names).  The list items may be prefixed with "no" to specify the types which
              should be ignored.  For example:

                blkid --probe --match-types vfat,ext3,ext4 /dev/sda1


              probes for vfat, ext3 and ext4 filesystems, and

                blkid --probe --match-types nominix /dev/sda1

              probes for all supported formats except minix filesystems.  This option is only useful together with --probe.

       -o, --output format
              Use the specified output format.  Note that the order of variables and devices is not fixed.  See also option -s.  The format parameter may be:
              Use the specified output format.  Note that the order of variables and devices is not fixed.  See also option -s.  The format parameter may be:

              full   print all tags (the default)

              value  print the value of the tags

              list   print the devices in a user-friendly format; this output format is unsupported for low-level probing (--probe or --info).

                     This output format is DEPRECATED in favour of the lsblk(8) command.

              device print the device name only; this output format is always enabled for the --label and --uuid options

              udev   print key="value" pairs for easy import into the udev environment; the keys are prefixed by ID_FS_ or ID_PART_ prefixes.  The value may be modified  to  be  safe
                     for  udev  environment;  allowed  is  plain ASCII, hex-escaping and valid UTF-8, everything else (including whitespaces) is replaced with '_'. The keys with _ENC
                     postfix use hex-escaping for unsafe chars.

                     The udev output returns the ID_FS_AMBIVALENT tag if more superblocks are detected, and ID_PART_ENTRY_* tags are always  returned  for  all  partitions  including
                     empty partitions.

                     This output format is DEPRECATED.

              export print key=value pairs for easy import into the environment; this output format is automatically enabled when I/O Limits (--info option) are requested.

                     The non-printing characters are encoded by ^ and M- notation and all potentially unsafe characters are escaped.

       -O, --offset offset
              Probe at the given offset (only useful with --probe).  This option can be used together with the --info option.

       -p, --probe
              Switch to low-level superblock probing mode (bypassing the cache).

              Note  that  low-level  probing  also returns information about partition table type (PTTYPE tag) and partitions (PART_ENTRY_* tags). The tag names produced by low-level
              probing are based on names used internally by libblkid and it may be different than when executed without --probe (for example PART_ENTRY_UUID= vs PARTUUID=).

       -s, --match-tag tag
              For each (specified) device, show only the tags that match tag.  It is possible to specify multiple --match-tag options.  If no tag is specified, then  all  tokens  are
              shown for all (specified) devices.  In order to just refresh the cache without showing any tokens, use --match-tag none with no other options.

       -S, --size size
              Override the size of device/file (only useful with --probe).

       -t, --match-token NAME=value
              Search  for  block  devices  with tokens named NAME that have the value value, and display any devices which are found.  Common values for NAME include TYPE, LABEL, and
              UUID.  If there are no devices specified on the command line, all block devices will be searched; otherwise only the specified devices are searched.

       -u, --usages list
              Restrict the probing functions to the specified (comma-separated) list of "usage" types.  Supported usage types are: filesystem, raid, crypto and other.  The list items
              may be prefixed with "no" to specify the usage types which should be ignored.  For example:

                blkid --probe --usages filesystem,other /dev/sda1

              probes for all filesystem and other (e.g. swap) formats, and

 Manual page blkid(8) line 98 (press h for help or q to quit)

大致如下：

-c <file>   指定cache文件(default: /etc/blkid.tab, /dev/null = none)
-d          don't encode non-printing characters
-h          显示帮助信息
-g          garbage collect the blkid cache
-o <format> 指定输出格式
-k          list all known filesystems/RAIDs and exit
-s <tag>    显示指定信息，默认显示所有信息
-t <token>  find device with a specific token (NAME=value pair)
-l          look up only first device with token specified by -t
-L <label>  convert LABEL to device name
-U <uuid>   convert UUID to device name
-v          显示版本信息
-w <file>   write cache to different file (/dev/null = no write)
<dev>       specify device(s) to probe (default: all devices)
Low-level probing options:
-p          low-level superblocks probing (bypass cache)
-i          gather information about I/O limits
-S <size>   overwrite device size
-O <offset> probe at the given offset
-u <list>   filter by "usage" (e.g. -u filesystem,raid)
-n <list>   filter by filesystem type (e.g. -n vfat,ext3)

实例

1.列出当前系统所有已挂载文件系统的类型：

sudo blkid

/dev/mmcblk1p1: PARTLABEL="uboot" PARTUUID="8589c6a2-c8ee-4ee0-b2fe-91d7a889bf35"
/dev/mmcblk1p2: PARTLABEL="trust" PARTUUID="a44dd545-1b58-48ed-bf69-e97e6690d257"
/dev/mmcblk1p3: PARTLABEL="misc" PARTUUID="f742a48a-08f9-4c23-947a-7fc970f8ba95"
/dev/mmcblk1p4: PARTLABEL="boot" PARTUUID="764b8c92-b2da-40eb-84e9-65466489b325"
/dev/mmcblk1p5: PARTLABEL="recovery" PARTUUID="79e2234c-79f5-4db7-850b-64a5bb2dc796"
/dev/mmcblk1p6: PARTLABEL="backup" PARTUUID="26da19a4-bf97-40c0-9426-da14be71a6a1"
/dev/mmcblk1p7: PARTLABEL="splash" PARTUUID="528e0fc0-6035-4491-aff7-45126902df8f"
/dev/mmcblk1p8: UUID="55fa08b1-29f9-437b-8b81-b80832a03768" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext2" PARTLABEL="userdata" PARTUUID="33b5afbc-ad69-4672-bb9c-b2356f536d1a"
/dev/mmcblk1p9: UUID="5effb51b-cf45-4296-bd2e-d84f5efe00e6" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTLABEL="rootfs" PARTUUID="b59e03fb-e478-4ba9-9bb2-f2f6a06135b5"

由此可知，此系统有8个分：uboot、trust、misc、boot、recovery、backup、userdata和rootfs。

2.显示指定设备 UUID：

sudo blkid -s UUID /dev/mmcblk1p8

/dev/mmcblk1p8: UUID="55fa08b1-29f9-437b-8b81-b80832a03768"

3.列出所有设备的UUID:

sudo blkid -s UUID

/dev/mmcblk1p8: UUID="55fa08b1-29f9-437b-8b81-b80832a03768"
/dev/mmcblk1p9: UUID="5effb51b-cf45-4296-bd2e-d84f5efe00e6"

4.显示指定设备 LABEL：

sudo blkid -s LABEL /dev/mmcblk1p8

5.显示所有设备 LABEL：

sudo blkid -s LABEL

6.显示所有设备文件系统:

sudo blkid -s TYPE

/dev/mmcblk1p8: TYPE="ext2"
/dev/mmcblk1p9: TYPE="ext4"

7.显示所有设备：

sudo blkid -o device

/dev/mmcblk1p8
/dev/mmcblk1p9
/dev/mmcblk1p1
/dev/mmcblk1p2
/dev/mmcblk1p3
/dev/mmcblk1p4
/dev/mmcblk1p5
/dev/mmcblk1p6
/dev/mmcblk1p7

8.以列表方式查看详细信息：

sudo blkid -o list

device                                                  fs_type         label            mount point                                                 UUID
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/dev/mmcblk1p8                                              ext2                               /boot                                                           55fa08b1-29f9-437b-8b81-b80832a03768
/dev/mmcblk1p9                                              ext4                               /                                                               5effb51b-cf45-4296-bd2e-d84f5efe00e6
/dev/mmcblk1p1                                                                                 (not mounted)                                                   
/dev/mmcblk1p2                                                                                 (not mounted)                                                   
/dev/mmcblk1p3                                                                                 (not mounted)                                                   
/dev/mmcblk1p4                                                                                 (not mounted)                                                   
/dev/mmcblk1p5                                                                                 (not mounted)                                                   
/dev/mmcblk1p6                                                                                 (not mounted)                                                   
/dev/mmcblk1p7                                                                                 (not mounted)