Python基本代码

读写UTF-8文件（Python 2）

import codecs

#读
f = codecs.open("you_file.txt", "r", "utf-8")
line = f.readline()

#写
f = codecs.open("you_file.txt", "w", "utf-8")
txt = unicode("中文1", "utf-8")
f.write(txt)
f.write(u'中文2\n')
f.flush()
f.close()

另外Python文件系统操作实例详解

获取路径问题
获取执行该文件所在的目录（参考），也就相当于pwd：
os.getcwd()和os.path.abspath(os.curdir)

获取当前文件所在的目录：
os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))

gld@MacBook ~ % /Users/gld/opt/miniconda3/bin/python /Users/gld/test/verify.py

Out:
/Users/gld
/Users/gld/test

时间问题
string -> datetime：

datetime.datetime.strptime("2017-11-23 16:10:10", "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

datetime -> string：

dt.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")

datetime对象

dt = datetime.datetime(2019, 8, 1)

dt.isocalendar() # (2019, 31, 4)，(2019年，第31周，星期四)

日志

import logging

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, format='%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(pathname)s(%(lineno)d) - (%(process)d->%(thread)d): %(message)s')

logging.info('Start app...')
logging.info('Success!')

输出：

2019-12-03 15:17:14,817 - INFO - D:/Code/PycharmProjects/gld/tmp/tmp.py(26) - (26024->29276): Start app...
2019-12-03 15:17:14,817 - INFO - D:/Code/PycharmProjects/gld/tmp/tmp.py(27) - (26024->29276): Success!

%(levelno)s: 打印日志级别的数值

%(levelname)s: 打印日志级别名称

%(pathname)s: 打印当前执行程序的路径，其实就是sys.argv[0]

%(filename)s: 打印当前执行程序名

%(funcName)s: 打印日志的当前函数

%(lineno)d: 打印日志的当前行号

%(asctime)s: 打印日志的时间

%(thread)d: 打印线程ID

%(threadName)s: 打印线程名称

%(process)d: 打印进程ID

%(message)s: 打印日志信息

打印级别有5个级别，DEBUG,.INFO,WARNING,ERROR,CRITICAL，默认是WARNING

打印到屏幕同时输出到日志文件：

import logging
import sys

fmt = logging.Formatter(
    '%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(pathname)s(%(lineno)d) - (%(process)d->%(thread)d): %(message)s')

logger = logging.getLogger('app')
logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)

# 输出到屏幕
console_handler = logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout)
console_handler.setFormatter(fmt)

# 输出到文件
file_handler = logging.FileHandler('./app.log')
file_handler.setFormatter(fmt)

# 最后别忘了添加
logger.addHandler(console_handler)
logger.addHandler(file_handler)

# 记得是用前面定义的logger
logger.warning('Start app...')
logger.info('Success!')

写入多个Sheet

import pandas as pd

df1 = pd.DataFrame({'a': [3, 1], 'b': [4, 3]})
df2 = df1.copy()
df3 = df1.copy()

dfs = [df1, df2, df3]
sheet_names = ['a', 'b', 'c']

with pd.ExcelWriter('D:\\output.xlsx') as writer:
    for idx in range(len(dfs)):
        dfs[idx].to_excel(writer, sheet_name=sheet_names[idx])
writer.save()
writer.close()

月份加减

import calendar
import datetime

def add_months(start, months):
    year = start.year + months // 12
    month = (start.month + months % 12) % 12
    if month == 0:
        month = 12
    day = start.day
    max_day = calendar.monthrange(year, month)[1]  # 获取某个月最多多少天
    if day > max_day:
        day = max_day
    return datetime.datetime(year, month, day, hour=start.hour, minute=start.minute, second=start.second,
                             microsecond=start.microsecond)


result = add_months(datetime.datetime.strptime(str(20210131), '%Y%m%d'), -1)

正则表达式

import re

标志位：
re.I = re.IGNORECASE，忽略大小写，默认考虑大小写
re.S = re.DOTALL，点号(.)匹配换行符，默认不匹配换行符
re.M = re.MULTILINE，多行匹配模式，默认单行匹配模式