Unsafe在JUC里用的非常普遍,所以花时间看了看其实现, 贴先源码吧,其实并不复杂:
sun.misc.Unsafe.java 源码:
http://www.javasourcecode.org/html/open-source/jdk/jdk-6u23/sun/misc/Unsafe.java.html
从源码实现来看,Unsafe是个单例,其实例只能通过静态方法获得:
- public static Unsafe getUnsafe() {
- Class cc = sun.reflect.Reflection.getCallerClass(2);
- if (cc.getClassLoader() != null)
- throw new SecurityException("Unsafe");
- return theUnsafe;
- }
如果我们正常的应用程序去调用的话,会抛出SecurityException,获取实例时先看调用的类是否启动类加载器加载,不是的话就抛出异常,其comment也强调Unsafe是应用于安全性代码的.那如果我们的确需要使用时,可以通过反射,将私有变量theUnsafe(唯一实例的引用)可见,再获取:
- Field theUnsafe = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe");
- theUnsafe.setAccessible(true);
- Unsafe unsafe = (Unsafe) theUnsafe.get(null);
Unsafe 也是基于CAS(compare and swap)的,CAS是现代CPU提供给并发程序使用的原语操作. 不同的CPU有不同的使用规范.在 Intel 处理器中,比较并交换通过指令的 cmpxchg 系列实现。CAS 操作包含三个操作数 —— 内存位置(V)、预期原值(A)和新值(B).JUC里的原子类的实现都是通过CAS,CAS能更高效的从机器码层面提供并发操作.
另,相应的sun.misc.natUnsafe.cc 源码:
- #include <gcj/cni.h>
- #include <gcj/field.h>
- #include <gcj/javaprims.h>
- #include <jvm.h>
- #include <sun/misc/Unsafe.h>
- #include <java/lang/System.h>
- #include <java/lang/InterruptedException.h>
- #include <java/lang/Thread.h>
- #include <java/lang/Long.h>
- #include "sysdep/locks.h"
- // Use a spinlock for multi-word accesses
- class spinlock
- {
- static volatile obj_addr_t lock;
- public:
- spinlock ()
- {
- while (! compare_and_swap (&lock, 0, 1))
- _Jv_ThreadYield ();
- }
- ~spinlock ()
- {
- release_set (&lock, 0);
- }
- };
- // This is a single lock that is used for all synchronized accesses if
- // the compiler can't generate inline compare-and-swap operations. In
- // most cases it'll never be used, but the i386 needs it for 64-bit
- // locked accesses and so does PPC32. It's worth building libgcj with
- // target=i486 (or above) to get the inlines.
- volatile obj_addr_t spinlock::lock;
- static inline bool
- compareAndSwap (volatile jint *addr, jint old, jint new_val)
- {
- jboolean result = false;
- spinlock lock;
- if ((result = (*addr == old)))
- *addr = new_val;
- return result;
- }
- static inline bool
- compareAndSwap (volatile jlong *addr, jlong old, jlong new_val)
- {
- jboolean result = false;
- spinlock lock;
- if ((result = (*addr == old)))
- *addr = new_val;
- return result;
- }
- static inline bool
- compareAndSwap (volatile jobject *addr, jobject old, jobject new_val)
- {
- jboolean result = false;
- spinlock lock;
- if ((result = (*addr == old)))
- *addr = new_val;
- return result;
- }
- jlong
- sun::misc::Unsafe::objectFieldOffset (::java::lang::reflect::Field *field)
- {
- _Jv_Field *fld = _Jv_FromReflectedField (field);
- // FIXME: what if it is not an instance field?
- return fld->getOffset();
- }
- jint
- sun::misc::Unsafe::arrayBaseOffset (jclass arrayClass)
- {
- // FIXME: assert that arrayClass is array.
- jclass eltClass = arrayClass->getComponentType();
- return (jint)(jlong) _Jv_GetArrayElementFromElementType (NULL, eltClass);
- }
- jint
- sun::misc::Unsafe::arrayIndexScale (jclass arrayClass)
- {
- // FIXME: assert that arrayClass is array.
- jclass eltClass = arrayClass->getComponentType();
- if (eltClass->isPrimitive())
- return eltClass->size();
- return sizeof (void *);
- }
- // These methods are used when the compiler fails to generate inline
- // versions of the compare-and-swap primitives.
- jboolean
- sun::misc::Unsafe::compareAndSwapInt (jobject obj, jlong offset,
- jint expect, jint update)
- {
- jint *addr = (jint *)((char *)obj + offset);
- return compareAndSwap (addr, expect, update);
- }
- jboolean
- sun::misc::Unsafe::compareAndSwapLong (jobject obj, jlong offset,
- jlong expect, jlong update)
- {
- volatile jlong *addr = (jlong*)((char *) obj + offset);
- return compareAndSwap (addr, expect, update);
- }
- jboolean
- sun::misc::Unsafe::compareAndSwapObject (jobject obj, jlong offset,
- jobject expect, jobject update)
- {
- jobject *addr = (jobject*)((char *) obj + offset);
- return compareAndSwap (addr, expect, update);
- }
- void
- sun::misc::Unsafe::putOrderedInt (jobject obj, jlong offset, jint value)
- {
- volatile jint *addr = (jint *) ((char *) obj + offset);
- *addr = value;
- }
- void
- sun::misc::Unsafe::putOrderedLong (jobject obj, jlong offset, jlong value)
- {
- volatile jlong *addr = (jlong *) ((char *) obj + offset);
- spinlock lock;
- *addr = value;
- }
- void
- sun::misc::Unsafe::putOrderedObject (jobject obj, jlong offset, jobject value)
- {
- volatile jobject *addr = (jobject *) ((char *) obj + offset);
- *addr = value;
- }
- void
- sun::misc::Unsafe::putIntVolatile (jobject obj, jlong offset, jint value)
- {
- write_barrier ();
- volatile jint *addr = (jint *) ((char *) obj + offset);
- *addr = value;
- }
- void
- sun::misc::Unsafe::putLongVolatile (jobject obj, jlong offset, jlong value)
- {
- volatile jlong *addr = (jlong *) ((char *) obj + offset);
- spinlock lock;
- *addr = value;
- }
- void
- sun::misc::Unsafe::putObjectVolatile (jobject obj, jlong offset, jobject value)
- {
- write_barrier ();
- volatile jobject *addr = (jobject *) ((char *) obj + offset);
- *addr = value;
- }
- #if 0 // FIXME
- void
- sun::misc::Unsafe::putInt (jobject obj, jlong offset, jint value)
- {
- jint *addr = (jint *) ((char *) obj + offset);
- *addr = value;
- }
- #endif
- void
- sun::misc::Unsafe::putLong (jobject obj, jlong offset, jlong value)
- {
- jlong *addr = (jlong *) ((char *) obj + offset);
- spinlock lock;
- *addr = value;
- }
- void
- sun::misc::Unsafe::putObject (jobject obj, jlong offset, jobject value)
- {
- jobject *addr = (jobject *) ((char *) obj + offset);
- *addr = value;
- }
- jint
- sun::misc::Unsafe::getIntVolatile (jobject obj, jlong offset)
- {
- volatile jint *addr = (jint *) ((char *) obj + offset);
- jint result = *addr;
- read_barrier ();
- return result;
- }
- jobject
- sun::misc::Unsafe::getObjectVolatile (jobject obj, jlong offset)
- {
- volatile jobject *addr = (jobject *) ((char *) obj + offset);
- jobject result = *addr;
- read_barrier ();
- return result;
- }
- jlong
- sun::misc::Unsafe::getLong (jobject obj, jlong offset)
- {
- jlong *addr = (jlong *) ((char *) obj + offset);
- spinlock lock;
- return *addr;
- }
- jlong
- sun::misc::Unsafe::getLongVolatile (jobject obj, jlong offset)
- {
- volatile jlong *addr = (jlong *) ((char *) obj + offset);
- spinlock lock;
- return *addr;
- }
- void
- sun::misc::Unsafe::unpark (::java::lang::Thread *thread)
- {
- natThread *nt = (natThread *) thread->data;
- nt->park_helper.unpark ();
- }
- void
- sun::misc::Unsafe::park (jboolean isAbsolute, jlong time)
- {
- using namespace ::java::lang;
- Thread *thread = Thread::currentThread();
- natThread *nt = (natThread *) thread->data;
- nt->park_helper.park (isAbsolute, time);
- }