JS深度优先遍历和广度优先遍历

JS深度优先遍历和广度优先遍历

深度优先遍历 （DFS）

Depth First Search

（1）访问顶点v；
（2）依次从v的未被访问的邻接点出发，对图进行深度优先遍历；直至图中和v有路径相通的顶点都被访问；
（3）若此时图中尚有顶点未被访问，则从一个未被访问的顶点出发，重新进行深度优先遍历，直到图中所有顶点均被访问过为止。

递归实现深度遍历

通过递归实现深度优先遍历

let depth1 = (node, nodeList = []) => {
	//node不能为null
    if (node !== null) {
        nodeList.push(node)
        let children = node.children || []
        //如果children.length存在
        for (let i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
        	//递归调用
            depth1(children[i], nodeList)
        }
    }
    return nodeList
}

// obj
let obj = { 
    children: [{ 
        index: 0, 
        children: [{ 
            index: 1, 
            children: [{ 
                index: 3 
            }] 
        }] 
    }, { 
        index: 4 
    }, { 
        index: 5, 
        children: [{ 
            index: 7, 
            children: [{ 
                index: 8 
            }] 
        }] 
    }, { 
        index: 6 
    }] 
}

depth1(obj)
(9) [{…}, {…}, {…}, {…}, {…}, {…}, {…}, {…}, {…}]
	0: {children: Array(4)}
	1: {index: 0, children: Array(1)}
	2: {index: 1, children: Array(1)}
	3: {index: 3}
	4: {index: 4}
	5: {index: 5, children: Array(1)}
	6: {index: 7, children: Array(1)}
	7: {index: 8}
	8: {index: 6}
	length: 9

非递归实现

let depth2 = (node) => {
    let stack = []
    let nodes = []
    if (node) {
        stack.push(node)
        while (stack.length) {
        	//每次取最后一个
            let item = stack.pop()
            let children = item.children || []
            nodes.push(item)
            //判断children的长度
            for (let i = children.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                stack.push(children[i])
            }
        }
    }
    return nodes
}

广度优先遍历（BFS）

Breadth First Search

宽度优先搜索算法（又称广度优先搜索）是最简便的图的搜索算法之一，这一算法也是很多重要的图的算法的原型。Dijkstra单源最短路径算法和Prim最小生成树算法都采用了和宽度优先搜索类似的思想。其别名又叫BFS，属于一种盲目搜寻法，目的是系统地展开并检查图中的所有节点，以找寻结果。换句话说，它并不考虑结果的可能位置，彻底地搜索整张图，直到找到结果为止。

JS实现

let breadth = (node) => {
    let nodes = []
    let stack = []
    if (node) {
        stack.push(node)
        while (stack.length) {
        	//取第一个
            let item = stack.shift()
            let children = item.children || []
            nodes.push(item)
            for (let i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
                stack.push(children[i])
            }
        }
    }
    return nodes
}

breadth(obj)
(9) [{…}, {…}, {…}, {…}, {…}, {…}, {…}, {…}, {…}]
	0: {children: Array(4)}
	1: {index: 0, children: Array(1)}
	2: {index: 4}
	3: {index: 5, children: Array(1)}
	4: {index: 6}
	5: {index: 1, children: Array(1)}
	6: {index: 7, children: Array(1)}
	7: {index: 3}
	8: {index: 8}
	length: 9